CHAPTER 10

• What is the significance of fungi in clinical settings?

  They can indicate the presence of disease
• What indicates the presence of clinical disease related to fungi?

  Isolation of fungi from tissue sections
• What are the factors related to the production of fungal disease?

  Impaired resistance and environmental disturbances
• How does Athlete's Foot relate to fungal infections?

  It is caused by a disturbance in skin resistance
• What is a common source of mycotoxins?

  Cereal grains
• What is the microscopic appearance of Microsporum canis?

  It appears commonly in saddle part
• What does budding refer to in fungi?

  A method of asexual reproduction in yeast
• What type of skin is highly keratinized?

  Skin associated with hair, nails, and horns
• What is the infectious form of dermatophytes?

  arthrospore
• What type of spores can Aspergillus produce?

  Some spores can infect humans
• What is the purpose of LOPB/Methylene Blue Stain?

  For anchoring in fungal identification
• In which group are Cygomycetes usually found?

  In tissues
• What is observed in Aspergillus?

  It shows dimorphic characteristics
• What are arthrospores?

  a spore produced by fragmentation of a septate hyphae(has divisions/walls into

  separate nucleated cells)
• What is a columella in fungi?

  A structure found in certain fungal cells
• What is the role of intercalary cells in fungi?

  They are involved in fungal growth
• What is the significance of repeated isolation of fungi?

  It indicates persistent fungal infection
• How does impaired resistance affect fungal infections?

  It increases susceptibility to fungal diseases
• How do environmental disturbances contribute to fungal diseases?

  They can weaken host defenses against fungi
• What type of cell are fungi classified as?

  Eukaryotic cell type
• Do fungi photosynthesize?

  Non-photosynthetic
• Are fungi usually motile or non-motile?

  Usually non-motile
• What is the optimum pH for fungal growth?

  About 6, tolerates more acidic
• What is the optimum temperature for fungal growth?

  20°C
• What do molds grow as?

  Branching filaments called hyphae
• What is the appearance of unicellular yeasts?

  Oval or spherical
• What are dimorphic fungi?

  Fungi that occur in mold and yeast forms
• What are saprophytes?

  Organisms that feed on dead organic matter
• Why are fungi considered saprophytes?

  They can't make their own food
• What are opportunistic fungi?

  Pathogens that infect weakened immune systems
• What do saprophytic fungi do?

  Involved in decomposition of organic matter
• What can pathogenic fungi tolerate?

  37°C
• What is another name for pathogenic fungi in the body?

  Systemic mycoses
• What is the composition of the fungal cell wall?

  Polysaccharide sub-units
• What are the main components of the fungal cell wall?

  Cellulose, beta-glucans, chitin, mannoproteins
• What is the cytoplasm of fungi enclosed by?

  Cytoplasmic membrane
• What is the composition of the cytoplasmic membrane in fungi?

  Phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins, sterols
• What is the species of the common canine ringworm?

  Microsporum canis
• What does Trichophyton equinum cause?

  Ringworm in horses and donkeys
• What is the most common stain used to examine fungi?

  Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB)