INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

• What is the main focus of nomenclature in organic chemistry?

  Naming organic molecules containing carbon
• Who governs the naming of organic molecules?

  IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• What is the purpose of IUPAC nomenclature?

  To provide consistent naming for molecules internationally
• What is an example of a common name for ethanoic acid?

  Acetic acid
• What is a homologous series?

  A family of compounds with the same general formula
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  $C_nH_{2n+2}$
• What defines a compound's properties in organic chemistry?

  Functional group
• What is an example of a functional group?

  Carbon-carbon double bond
• How can you name a molecule based on its structure?

  By following specific naming rules
• What are the prefixes for the first six carbon chains?

  • 1 carbon: Meth
  • 2 carbons: Eth
  • 3 carbons: Prop
  • 4 carbons: But
  • 5 carbons: Pent
  • 6 carbons: Hex
• What are the main homologous series in organic chemistry?

  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
  • Haloalkanes
  • Alcohols
  • Aldehydes
  • Ketones
  • Carboxylic acids
• What is the first step in naming a molecule?

  Count the longest consecutive carbon chain
• Why is it important to identify the longest carbon chain?

  It determines the prefix for the molecule
• How do you number the functional group in a molecule?

  Number to give the functional group the lowest number
• What should you do after identifying the longest carbon chain?

  Look for the functional group and decide the suffix
• What do you do if there are additional groups attached to the carbon chain?

  Name and number the additional groups
• What is the name of a molecule with six carbons and a chlorine on the second carbon?

  1. chlorohexane
• How do you put the name of a molecule together?

  Combine the prefix, suffix, and numbers
• What are the rules for naming organic molecules?

  1. Count the longest consecutive carbon chain
  2. Identify the functional group and suffix
  3. Number the functional group
  4. Look for additional groups and name them
  5. Number the additional groups
  6. Put the name together
• How would you name a molecule with two chlorines on the second carbon and a fluorine on the first carbon?

  2,2-dichloro-1-fluoropentane
• Why is the letter D not counted in alphabetical ordering for naming organic compounds?

  Because it does not affect the order
• How should chlorines be numbered in organic compound naming?

  By indicating their position with numbers
• What does the term "pentane" refer to in organic chemistry?

  A five-carbon alkane chain
• What is the correct way to write two chlorines in a compound name?

  Two two Doro
• What is the functional group represented by the letter O in organic compounds?

  Alcohol
• How is the alcohol group named in organic compounds?

  It is included within the compound name
• How would you name a compound with a hydroxyl group on the second carbon?

  Pentan-2-ol
• What is the naming convention for alkenes regarding double bonds?

  Number the carbon with the double bond
• What is the name of a two-carbon alkene?

  Ethene
• How do you name a ketone in an organic compound?

  Include the position of the carbonyl group
• What is the general formula for alkenes?

  C$n$H$2n$
• How do you name a carboxylic acid?

  By using the suffix -oic acid
• What distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone?

  Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end
• What is the correct name for a compound with four carbons and a carboxylic acid group?

  Butanoic acid
• How do you indicate the position of substituents in organic compound naming?

  By using numbers separated by commas
• What is the structural formula for ethanol?

  C$2$H$5$OH
• What is the difference between a displayed formula and a structural formula?

  Displayed shows all bonds; structural is condensed
• What is the molecular formula for ethanol?

  C$2$H$6$O
• How would you draw the structural formula for C$4$H$8$?


  Draw a four-carbon chain with double bond
• What is isomerism in organic chemistry?

  Different compounds with the same molecular formula