Cards (18)

  • Proteins contain the atoms; carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
  • Two amino acids join to form a dipeptide
  • A chain or more than two amino acids is called a polypeptide
  • Monomers are amino acids
  • Plants can make their own amino acids
  • Animals can only make some amino acids. Some must come from the diet – essential amino acids
  • Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains
  • The R-group is different in each amino acid
  • Amino acids contain an Amine group and Carboxyl group
  • Amino acids contain an Amine group and what other group?
    Carboxyl
  • Primary Structure of a protein is the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
  • The secondary structure of a protein is the coiling or folding of the polypeptide chain due to the formation of hydrogen bonds
  • Two main 3D shapes formed in secondary structure are:
    • Alpha helix
    • Beta pleated sheet
  • Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a protein molecule
  • There are four types of bonding involved:
    1. Hydrogen bonds
    2. Ionic bonds
    3. Disulphide bonds
    4. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
  • The quaternary structure of a protein is the way that two or more polypeptide subunits are arranged to give a final specific shape. E.g insulin and collagen
  • Quaternary structure
    Refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains (or subunits) in a protein complex (e.g. insulin, collagen)
  • Secondary structure
    Refers to the local spatial arrangement of the polypeptide backbone (e.g. alpha helix, beta sheet)