5.1.3

• What does the Acid Dissociation Constant Ka represent?

  The extent of acid dissociation
• How is pKa calculated from Ka?

  pKa = -log(Ka)
• What is a lonic Equation?

  A chemical equation with dissociated ions
• What is the relationship between Ka and pKa?

  Ka = 10^-pKa
• What is a Bronsted-Lowry Acid?

  A proton donor
• What does the lonic Product of Water (K) represent?

  The dissociation of water into H+ and OH-
• What is a Bronsted-Lowry Base?

  A proton acceptor
• What is a Buffer Solution?

  A system that minimizes pH change
• What is a Monobasic Acid?

  An acid that donates 1 hydrogen atom
• How can a buffer solution be formed?

  From a weak acid and its salt
• What is the Carbonic Acid-Hydrogencarbonate Buffer used for?

  To maintain blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45
• How is pH defined?

  pH = -log10[H+]
• What is a Conjugate Acid-Base Pair?

  A pair that transforms by proton transfer
• Why are Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs important?

  They help control pH in buffers
• What is a Dibasic Acid?

  An acid that can donate 2 hydrogen atoms
• What is the relationship between H+ and pH?

  [H+] = 10^-pH
• What is the End Point in a titration?

  When the indicator changes colour
• What should a suitable indicator do during a titration?

  Change colour near the equivalence point
• What is the Equivalence Point in a titration?

  When acid equals base in amount
• What is a pH Meter used for?

  To measure the pH of a solution
• What occurs at the Equivalence Point?

  H+ equals OH-
• What does the strength of acids and bases measure?

  The degree of dissociation of an acid or base
• What is an Indicator in the context of titration?

  A weak acid that changes colour
• How does an indicator change colour?

  Due to an equilibrium shift between HA and A-
• What is the difference between strong and weak acids?

  Strong acids completely dissociate, weak acids partially dissociate
• What is required for an indicator to be suitable?

  Its pH range must be within the vertical section
• Why is there no suitable indicator for weak acid-weak base titration?

  Because the titration curve lacks a vertical section
• What is Titration?

  A technique to determine concentration of solutions
• What do Titration Curves show?

  The change in pH during a titration
• What is a Tribasic Acid?

  An acid that donates 3 hydrogen atoms
• What is the Vertical Section of a titration curve?

  The part containing the equivalence point
• What happens during the Vertical Section of a titration curve?

  Large change in pH with small volume change