PHIHIS

• Agrarian Reform on the different Eras of the Philippines
• Pre Colonial Times (Before 16th Century)

  • land was commonly owned by community known as barangay.
  • consisting of 30-100 families
• Stewardship - relationship between man and nature is important
• Kaingin - slash and burn method (land cultivation)
• Maragtas Code - the only recorded transaction of land sale
• Spanish Era

  • Pueblo agriculture - a system wherein native rural communities were organized into pueblo.
  • practiced no share cropper class or landless class
• native families were merely landholders not landowners
• 1565 - all Philippine land belongs to Spaniards
• 1570 - Spanish government sells lands to private wealthy individuals
• 1600 - some lands were given to the church
• 1745 - peasant rebellion (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite)
• 1780 - Hacienda system was introduced
• Encomienda - a large tracts of land given to Spaniards (encomiendero) to manage and have the right to receive tributes from the natives tilling it.
• American Era

  • Philippine Bill of 1902 - this law provided regulations on the disposal of public lands were in a private individual can own 16 hectares of land
  • Torrens system - was introduced to replace the registration system implemented by the Spaniards.
  • Homestead program of 1903 - this program allowed an enterprising tenant to acquire a farm of at least 16 hectares to cultivate.
  • Armed peasants' group - Colorum and Sakdalista
• Commonwealth Years (1935 - 1942)

  • President Quezon implemented land reform, friar lands as a solution of inequitable land ownership, transformed Homestead program into a massiv resettlement program.
• Japanese Era

  • HUKBALAHAP (hukbong bayan laban sa mga hapon) on March 29, 1942 as an anti-Japanese group.
• LADESECO - Land Settlement Development Corporation
• Malolos Republic - free and independent Philippine Republic
• The Spanish-American war was concluded by the Treaty of Paris which decreed that Spain would give up the Philippines, but in turn the archipelago would become a colony of the United States.
• The 1935 Constitution: which featured a political system virtually identical to the American one, became operative.
• Constitution was used until the Proclamation of Martial under Marcos rule in 1973.
• The 1943 Constitution remained in force in Japanese-controlled areas of the Philippines but was never recognized as legitimate or binding by the governments of the United States or of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
• The 1973 Constitution, promulgated after Marcos' declaration of martial law
• The 1973 Constitution is compose of Preamble and 17 articles, provides for the shift from presidential to parliamentary system of government.
• The 1987 Constitution established a representative democracy with power divided among three separate and independent branches of government: the Executive, a bicameral Legislature, and the Judiciary.
• There were three independent constitutional commissions as well: the Commission on Audit, the Civil Service Commission, and the Commission on Elections.
• The Supreme Court is a 15-member court appointed by the President without need for confirmation by Congress.
• Taxes - imposed by the Spanish Government in the Philippines.
• Tributo was a general tax paid by the Filipinos to Spain which amounted to eight reales. 
• SANCTORUM Sanctorum -was a tax in the amount of 3 reales.
• Donativo was the tax in the amount of half real for the military campaign of the government against the muslims.