Vision

• What are the main components of the visual system?

  Eyes, accessory structures, cranial nerve tracts
• What is the structure of the eyeball?

  It is a globe-shaped organ
• How does the eye receive significant amounts of information?

  It can gather data from a distance
• What is the function of eyebrows?

  Protection from perspiration
• What is the structure of the eyelids?

  They consist of 5 layers of tissue
• What is the purpose of the blink reflex?

  It serves as a protection mechanism
• What are eyelashes?

  Hairs with modified sweat glands
• What is the conjunctiva?

  A thin mucous membrane
• What are the two types of conjunctiva?

  Palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva
• What does the lacrimal apparatus produce?

  Tears

  
• What is the function of tears?

  Lubrication, moistening, and washing away objects
• How much tear fluid is produced daily?

  Approximately 1ml per day
• What components are found in tears?

  Salt, mucus, and lysozyme
• What is the innervation of the lacrimal apparatus?

  Facial nerve VII and parasympathetic system
• What are the three layers of the eye?

  Nervous tunic, vascular tunic, fibrous tunic
• What is the function of the choroid?

  It is associated with the sclera
• What is the role of the ciliary body?

  It changes the shape of the lens
• What does the iris do?

  Regulates the amount of light entering
• What are the three chambers of the eyeball?

  Anterior, posterior, and vitreous chambers
• What fills the anterior and posterior chambers?

  Aqueous humor
• What is the function of the vitreous chamber?

  It maintains the shape of the eye
• What is the lens of the eye?

  A transparent, biconvex structure
• How does light pass through the eye?

  It is focused on the retina by the cornea, lens, and humors
• What happens when light hits the retina?

  It creates action potentials

  
• What does the optic nerve do?

  Conveys action potentials to the thalamus
• What is the visible light spectrum range?

  Between 380nm and 790nm
• What is the role of the anatomy of the eye?

  It allows for a sharp focused image
• What is accommodation in vision?

  Changing the shape of the lens
• How does pupil constriction affect vision?

  It allows for finer detail in vision
• What is convergence in vision?

  Medial rotation of the eye for focus
• What is myopia?

  Distant objects appear blurry
• How is myopia corrected?

  Using a concave lens to move FP back

  
• What is hyperopia?

  Near objects appear blurry
• How is hyperopia corrected?

  Using a convex lens to move FP forward

  
• What causes red-eye in photographs?

  Reflected light from the retina
• What is the function of the pigmented layer of the retina?

  Isolates photoreceptors and prevents light scattering
• What are the two types of photoreceptor cells?

  Rods and cones

  
• What is the function of rods?

  Responsible for non-colour vision

  
• Where are rods located?

  Spread all over the retina
• What is the photoreceptive molecule in rods?

  Rhodopsin