Protein production & the cytoskeleton

• Cells make many different proteins such as hormones, enzymes and antibodies
• Some proteins may be used inside the cell in which they were produced. These are called intracellular proteins
• Many proteins must be exported out of the cell for use elsewhere. These are extracellular proteins.
• There are two main stages to protein synthesis: transcription and translation
• Transcription - An mRNA molecule is produced from DNA inside the nucleus
• Translation - The code on the mRNA molecule is used to control the production of a polypeptide chain by a ribosome