Legitimacy of authority

• What is the main topic of the video discussed?

  Legitimacy of authority in obedience
• Why do people tend to obey commands from authority figures?

  They perceive the authority as legitimate
• How can the perception of legitimacy be influenced?

  By factors like expertise and social position
• Who can be considered authority figures?

  Parents, police officers, teachers
• What role did the experimenter play in Milgram's obedience experiment?

  The experimenter represented the authority figure
• How did the experimenter's appearance influence participants in Milgram's study?

  His lab coat suggested expertise and authority
• What institution was associated with Milgram's experiment to enhance legitimacy?

  Yale University
• How does the perception of legitimacy vary across cultures?

  It may differ based on historical context
• How are police officers viewed in many Western societies?

  As legitimate authority figures
• What can lower the perception of police legitimacy in some cultures?

  Histories of authoritarian regimes or corruption
• What did Rank and Jacobson's study demonstrate?

  Nurses disobeyed a doctor's orders
• What limitation does the legitimacy of authority explanation have?

  It doesn't account for instances of disobedience
• What factors may influence obedience despite clear authority?

  Specialized knowledge or professional autonomy
• What does dehumanization lead to in terms of obedience?

  It reduces empathy towards others
• How does dehumanization affect compliance with harmful orders?

  It makes it easier to follow harmful commands
• What are the key points of the legitimacy of authority explanation?

  • People obey perceived legitimate authority figures
  • Legitimacy is based on social positions and authority
  • Influenced by expertise, social position, and roles
  • Supported by Milgram's obedience experiments
  • Varies across cultures and contexts
  • Does not fully account for disobedience instances
• What is the concept of dehumanization in obedience?

  • Perceiving others as less than human
  • Leads to reduced empathy and moral concern
  • Justifies obedience to harmful commands
  • Targets may be viewed as objects or threats
• Who conducted the study on obedient nurses in 1966?

  Hofling et al
• What was the role of "Dr Smith" in Hofling et al's study?

  He was a confederate instructing nurses
• What was the name of the made-up drug in Hofling et al's study?

  Astrofen
• What dosage of Astrofen did Dr Smith instruct the nurses to administer?

  20mg
• What did the label on the Astrofen box state as the maximum dose?

  10mg
• What rules would the nurses be breaking by following Dr Smith's instructions?

  Written authorization and dosage verification
• How many nurses complied with Dr Smith's instructions in Hofling et al's study?

  21 out of 22 nurses
• What did most nurses report in questionnaires regarding obedience?

  They would not obey such an order
• What did 12 nurses later claim about the dosage discrepancy?

  They had not noticed the discrepancy
• Who replicated Hofling's experiment in 1977?

  Rank and Jacobson
• What was the drug administered in Rank and Jacobson's study?

  Valium
• What dosage did Rank and Jacobson instruct the nurses to administer?

  3 times the recommended level
• From whom did the telephoned instruction come in Rank and Jacobson's study?

  A real, known doctor on staff
• What opportunity did nurses have in Rank and Jacobson's study that was not present in Hofling's study?

  Consulting with other nurses
• How many nurses complied with the instructions in Rank and Jacobson's study?

  2 out of 18 nurses
• What factors made nurses in Rank and Jacobson's study less likely to follow orders?

  Social support and knowledge of dosage
• What are the key differences between Hofling et al's and Rank and Jacobson's studies?

  • Hofling: confederate doctor, unknown drug, no consultation
  • Rank and Jacobson: real doctor, known drug, consultation allowed
• How many nurses complied with 'dr smith'

  21 out of 22, however 11 said they didn't notice the discrepancy between doses