Kingdoms Of Life

• What are the five kingdoms of life excluding viruses?

  Animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria
• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among living organisms?

  They are not classified as living organisms
• What type of cells are animals, plants, fungi, and protists made of?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is a key feature of eukaryotic cells?

  Their DNA is in the form of chromosomes
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?

  Bacteria are prokaryotes without a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?

  10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the size comparison of viruses to prokaryotic cells?

  Viruses are 10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?

  Between 5 and 10 million
• What do all animals have in common?

  They are multicellular heterotrophs
• How many cells is an adult human estimated to have?

  Around 40 trillion cells
• How do plants obtain their energy?

  Through photosynthesis from sunlight
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?

  Around 300,000 species
• What distinguishes fungi from plants?

  Fungi cannot photosynthesize
• What type of nutrition do fungi primarily use?

  Saprotrophic nutrition
• How do fungi digest food?

  By secreting enzymes and absorbing nutrients
• What is the structure made of hyphae in multicellular fungi called?

  Mycelium
• What can some fungi be considered due to their ability to cause disease?

  Pathogens
• What is an example of a disease caused by fungi?

  Athlete's foot
• What do the terms protists and protozoa refer to?

  They refer to the same kingdom of organisms
• What type of organisms are most protists?

  Unicellular organisms
• What is a key feature of some protists like chlorella?

  They have chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is an example of a protist that is a pathogen?

  Plasmodium
• Where can bacteria be found?

  Almost everywhere, including on skin
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  A protein coat surrounding genetic material
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Inside living cells of other organisms
• What are viruses classified as due to their reproduction method?

  Parasites
• What is a common characteristic of all viruses?

  They always cause harm to other organisms
• What is an example of a virus that affects plants?

  Tobacco mosaic virus
• What virus is known to cause AIDS?

  HIV
• What virus is associated with COVID-19?

  SARS-CoV-2
• What are the key features of the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthesize
  • Fungi: multicellular/unicellular, heterotrophs, saprotrophic nutrition
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, diverse energy sources
  • Bacteria: unicellular, diverse habitats, some pathogenic
• What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

  • Eukaryotic: have a nucleus, larger size, DNA in chromosomes
  • Prokaryotic: no nucleus, smaller size, loose DNA
• What are the characteristics of viruses?

  • Non-living particles
  • Require host cells to reproduce
  • Cause harm to living organisms
  • Composed of protein coat and genetic material