1.1

• What is sexual reproduction?

  Type of reproduction involving gametes
• How are gametes produced in sexual reproduction?

  By meiosis
• What forms when a gamete from each parent fuses?

  A zygote
• What is unique about the resulting zygote in sexual reproduction?

  It has mixed genetic information
• What are gametes?

  Sex cells like sperm and egg cells
• What is the chromosome number of gametes?

  Haploid, half the number of chromosomes
• What is meiosis?

  Cell division forming gametes
• What is the result of meiosis?

  Non-identical haploid cells
• How does meiosis affect chromosome number?

  It halves the chromosome number
• How many divisions are involved in meiosis?

  Two divisions
• What must occur before meiosis?

  Interphase, where genetic information is copied
• What happens during the first stage of meiosis?

  Chromosome pairs line up and separate
• What is the outcome of the first stage of meiosis?

  Chromosome number is halved
• What happens during the second stage of meiosis?

  Chromatids separate and move to poles
• How many unique haploid gametes are produced in meiosis?

  Four unique haploid gametes
• Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

  It increases genetic variation
• What does meiosis ensure about the zygote formed at fertilization?

  It is diploid
• What occurs during fertilization?

  Gametes join to restore chromosome number
• What happens after fertilization?

  The new cell divides by mitosis
• What occurs as the embryo develops?

  Cells differentiate
• Where do malarial parasites reproduce sexually?

  In the mosquito
• Where do malarial parasites reproduce asexually?

  In the human host
• How do fungi reproduce asexually?

  By spores
• Why do fungi reproduce sexually?

  To give variation
• How do plants reproduce sexually?

  To produce seeds
• How do plants reproduce asexually?

  By runners or bulb division
• What is DNA?

  A double-stranded polymer of nucleotides
• Where is DNA found in the cell?

  In the nucleus
• What is a genome?

  The entire genetic material of an organism
• Why is understanding the human genome important?

  For future medicine development
• What can studying the human genome help with?

  Searching for disease-linked genes
• How does studying the human genome help with inherited disorders?

  It aids in understanding and treating them
• What can tracing human migration patterns help with?

  Understanding historical human movements
• What is a chromosome?

  A long coiled molecule of DNA
• How many chromosomes do human body cells have?

  46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
• How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

  23 chromosomes
• What is a gene?

  A segment of DNA coding for traits
• What are alleles?

  Different versions of the same gene
• What is a dominant allele?

  Only one copy is needed for expression
• What is a recessive allele?

  Two copies are needed for expression