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1st sem
anatlec
cardiovascular recit
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Cards (65)
What is the pointed portion of the heart called?
Apex
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What is the wide portion of the heart called?
Base
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What is the primary function of the heart?
To pump
blood
throughout the body
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What is the right atrioventricular valve also known as?
Tricuspid
valve
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Where is the left atrioventricular valve located?
Between
left atrium
and
left ventricle
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What is another name for the left atrioventricular valve?
Bicuspid valve
or
mitral valve
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What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
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What major vessels are connected to the cardiac chambers?
Right atrium
:
Vena cava
Right ventricle
:
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
:
Pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
:
Aorta
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What are the types of atrioventricular (AV) valves?
Tricuspid
valve
Bicuspid
(mitral) valve
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What are the types of semilunar valves?
Pulmonary valves
Aortic valves
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What are the three layers of the heart?
Epicardium (outer)
Myocardium (middle & thickest)
Endocardium (inner layer)
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What is the fibroconnective tissue covering of the heart called?
Pericardium
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What is the function of arteries and arterioles?
Transport blood away from the
heart
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What do veins and venules do?
Transport blood
toward
the heart
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Where are capillaries located and what is their function?
Between
arterioles
and
venules
for
oxygen exchange
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What molecule do red blood cells carry?
Oxygen
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Where do B cells mature?
Bursa of Fabricius
or bone marrow
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What shape do red blood cells (erythrocytes) have?
Biconcave discs
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Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
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What is the role of white blood cells (leukocytes)?
Serve
as
soldiers
of
the
body
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What is the function of platelets (thrombocytes)?
Play a role in
clotting
mechanism
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What are the major classes of antibodies?
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgD
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What is the first major class of antibodies?
IgM
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What is the third major class of antibodies?
IgA
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What is the second major class of antibodies?
IgG
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What is the fourth major class of antibodies?
IgE
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What is the fifth major class of antibodies?
IgD
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What are the types of macrophages?
Mobile
,
resident
, and
epithelioid
macrophages
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What are the types of resident macrophages?
Microglia, alveolar, Von Kupffer, Peyer's patches, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and histiocytes
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What is the function of microglia?
They are
resident
macrophages
in the brain
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What type of macrophages are alveolar macrophages?
Resident
macrophages in the lung
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What is the role of Von Kupffer cells?
They are
resident
macrophages
in the
liver
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Where are Peyer's patches located?
In the
intestine
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What type of macrophages are extraglomerular mesangial cells?
Resident
macrophages in the kidney
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What are histiocytes?
Resident
macrophages
in the skin
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How do epithelioid macrophages differ from multinucleated giant cells?
Epithelioid macrophages are less
phagocytic
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What characterizes Touton multinucleated giant cells?
Nuclei
are at the center
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How are foreign body multinucleated giant cells characterized?
Nuclei
are distributed throughout
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What characterizes Langerhans multinucleated giant cells?
Nuclei are near the
periphery
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What are platelets?
Remnants of
megakaryocytes
in the
bone marrow
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