cardiovascular recit

Cards (65)

  • What is the pointed portion of the heart called?
    Apex
  • What is the wide portion of the heart called?
    Base
  • What is the primary function of the heart?
    To pump blood throughout the body
  • What is the right atrioventricular valve also known as?
    Tricuspid valve
  • Where is the left atrioventricular valve located?
    Between left atrium and left ventricle
  • What is another name for the left atrioventricular valve?
    Bicuspid valve or mitral valve
  • What are the four chambers of the heart?
    • Right atrium
    • Right ventricle
    • Left atrium
    • Left ventricle
  • What major vessels are connected to the cardiac chambers?
    • Right atrium: Vena cava
    • Right ventricle: Pulmonary artery
    • Left atrium: Pulmonary vein
    • Left ventricle: Aorta
  • What are the types of atrioventricular (AV) valves?
    • Tricuspid valve
    • Bicuspid (mitral) valve
  • What are the types of semilunar valves?
    • Pulmonary valves
    • Aortic valves
  • What are the three layers of the heart?
    • Epicardium (outer)
    • Myocardium (middle & thickest)
    • Endocardium (inner layer)
  • What is the fibroconnective tissue covering of the heart called?
    Pericardium
  • What is the function of arteries and arterioles?
    Transport blood away from the heart
  • What do veins and venules do?
    Transport blood toward the heart
  • Where are capillaries located and what is their function?
    Between arterioles and venules for oxygen exchange
  • What molecule do red blood cells carry?
    Oxygen
  • Where do B cells mature?
    Bursa of Fabricius or bone marrow
  • What shape do red blood cells (erythrocytes) have?
    Biconcave discs
  • Where do T cells mature?
    Thymus
  • What is the role of white blood cells (leukocytes)?
    Serve as soldiers of the body
  • What is the function of platelets (thrombocytes)?
    Play a role in clotting mechanism
  • What are the major classes of antibodies?
    • IgM
    • IgG
    • IgA
    • IgE
    • IgD
  • What is the first major class of antibodies?
    IgM
  • What is the third major class of antibodies?
    IgA
  • What is the second major class of antibodies?
    IgG
  • What is the fourth major class of antibodies?
    IgE
  • What is the fifth major class of antibodies?
    IgD
  • What are the types of macrophages?
    Mobile, resident, and epithelioid macrophages
  • What are the types of resident macrophages?
    Microglia, alveolar, Von Kupffer, Peyer's patches, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and histiocytes
  • What is the function of microglia?
    They are resident macrophages in the brain
  • What type of macrophages are alveolar macrophages?
    Resident macrophages in the lung
  • What is the role of Von Kupffer cells?
    They are resident macrophages in the liver
  • Where are Peyer's patches located?
    In the intestine
  • What type of macrophages are extraglomerular mesangial cells?
    Resident macrophages in the kidney
  • What are histiocytes?
    Resident macrophages in the skin
  • How do epithelioid macrophages differ from multinucleated giant cells?
    Epithelioid macrophages are less phagocytic
  • What characterizes Touton multinucleated giant cells?
    Nuclei are at the center
  • How are foreign body multinucleated giant cells characterized?
    Nuclei are distributed throughout
  • What characterizes Langerhans multinucleated giant cells?
    Nuclei are near the periphery
  • What are platelets?
    Remnants of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow