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biology
paper 2
variation & evolution
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Cards (23)
What can lead to huge variation between individuals?
Differences in
genes
and
environment
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What is the process called that can lead to the evolution of new species?
Natural selection
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What term describes the observable characteristics of an individual?
Phenotype
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What do genes code for?
Proteins
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What two factors determine an individual's phenotype?
Genes
and
environment
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What is a genome?
All of an individual's
genes
combined
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Who has a unique genome apart from identical twins?
Everyone
in the world
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What influences most of our traits?
Multiple
genes
and
environmental
factors
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How can identical twins differ in height?
Due to
differences
in
diet
and sleep
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What causes genetic variation?
Mutations
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What is a mutation?
A change in the
DNA
code
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What happens to most mutations?
They don't affect the
phenotype
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What can beneficial mutations do?
Make individuals more resistant to
diseases
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What did Charles Darwin notice about certain traits?
They were passed on from
parent
to child
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What term did Darwin use to describe the survival of the fittest?
Natural selection
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What does evolution describe according to Darwin?
Inheritance of
characteristics
over
generations
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What does the theory of evolution imply about all living species?
They evolved from
simple life forms
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How long ago did simple life forms first develop?
More than
3 billion
years ago
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What occurs through natural selection over time?
Genetic changes leading to better-suited
phenotypes
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What evidence supports Darwin's theory of evolution?
Development of
antibiotic resistance
in bacteria
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What happens when two populations become so different?
They can no longer
interbreed
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What signifies the formation of a new species?
Inability to produce fertile
offspring
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What is the summary of evolution through natural selection?
Evolution occurs through natural selection
Genetic changes
give rise to
advantageous phenotypes
Over time,
populations
may diverge significantly
New species can form when
interbreeding
is no longer possible
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