Anglo Saxons

• what % of anglo saxons were slaves?


  10%
• FELT means?


  fortune

  energy

  leadership

  tactics
• who were thegns?


  local lords with 5+ hides of land, provided men for the ford
• who were earls?


  ruling warlords who owed position to king, controlled earldoms
• what % were peasants?


  over 70%
• when was harold godwinson made king?


  6th january 1066
• edward the confessor gained legitimacy as a king by being...


  powerful military force,

  respected law maker,

  religious peace maker
• dane law?


  most of the country followed dane law, due to danish links from vikings
• when did edward exile earl godwin?


  1050, but he returned in 1051 with an army and demanded his land back
• who made up the witan?


  earls and archbishops
• what were the four earldoms?


  northumbria, east anglea, wessex, mercia
• who created earldoms?


  king cnut when he invited in 1015
• what powers did earls have?


  collected king taxes, kept 1/3 of taxes

  controlled justice and legal punishments

  had groups of housecarls
• what were earldoms divided into?


  shires controlled by shire reeves
• what was the trading centre of the shire?

  burh, trading was heavily taxed
• how many men did a shire provide for the fyrd?


  one man every 5 hides
• what was a shire divided into?


  hundreds
• what was a hundred divided into?

  tithings
• what was wergild?


  a fine payed to the victims of a crime

  [cerol - 20 shillings]

  [thegn - 1200 shillings]

  [earl/archbishop - 3600 shillings]
• what was a tithing?


  a group of 10 men who were 12+
• what % of the anglo saxon population lived in villages?

  90%
• what % of the anglo saxon population lived in towns?


  10%
• how many bishops were there?

  15
• how much of the land in england did the church own?


  1/4
• when did earl godwin die?


  1053
• how much did harold godwinson make from land a year?


  £8500
• when was harold's embassy to normandy?


  1064
• what was the richest earldom in 1065?


  northumbria
• who was the rising in 1065 in northumbria against?


  tostig godwinson
• reasons why the north hated tostig...


  changing low taxes and attempts imposing southern laws to change the dane law

  relationship with malcom III of scotland
• in what year did malcom invade northumbria and what did tostig do?


  1061, agreed for peace
• who did harold godwinson marry to end the uprising and gain more land in 1065?


  edith (morcars sister)
• who did edward the confessor marry?


  edith of wessex >> he became king as a political arrangement made by Godwin to secure his family's power.
• edward the confessor died on...


  jan 5th 1066
• who were the claimants to the throne?

  harald hardrada,

  william of normandy,

  harold godwinson,

  edgar settling
• how big was hardrada's army in Norway?


  15000 men, 300 ships
• which claimant was backed up by the pope?

  william of normandy
• when was the battle of gate fulford?


  20th september 1066
• gate fulford viking army vs anglo saxon?


  10 thousand men and 300 ships vs 4.5 thousand men
• who led the saxons at gate fulford?


  edwin and morcar