SLT explanation

• What does SLT argue about gender development?

  It occurs through learning by observing behavior
• How is gender development linked according to SLT?

  It is linked to nurture, not nature
• How are children reinforced for gender-appropriate behavior?

  By praising or punishing their actions
• What behavior might boys be praised for according to SLT?

  Being active and playing sports
• What happens if a boy sees another boy punished for playing with dolls?

  He would be less inclined to imitate that behavior
• What role do similar role models play in gender development?

  They increase the likelihood of influence
• What are the mediational processes involved in gender development according to SLT?

  • Attention
  • Retention
  • Reproduction
  • Motivation
• What is a strength of the SLT explanation of gender?

  Supportive evidence shows reinforcement occurs early
• What did Smith and Lloyd observe in their study?

  Adults played with babies in opposite sex clothes
• How were babies assumed to be boys encouraged in the study?

  To be adventurous and active
• How were babies assumed to be girls treated in the study?

  Praised for being pretty and given dolls
• What does vicarious reinforcement suggest about gender development?

  We learn by witnessing others being reinforced
• What is a limitation of the SLT explanation of gender development?

  It does not consider the role of nature
• What did Diamond's study reveal about gender identity?

  Nature can be more influential than nurture
• What happened to Brenda in Diamond's study?

  She felt more like a man during puberty
• What does Brenda's case suggest about SLT limitations?

  Socialization alone does not determine gender identity
• What is the role of reinforcement in gender development?

  It shapes behavior through praise and punishment
• How does vicarious reinforcement influence behavior?

  By observing others being rewarded or punished
• Why are role models significant in gender identity development?

  They provide examples of gender-appropriate behavior
• What implications do Diamond's findings have on gender identity?

  They highlight the importance of biological factors