Respiration

• What is the main source of energy for organisms?

  Molecules of glucose
• What is cellular respiration?

  An exothermic reaction that transfers energy
• What does the term "exothermic" mean in the context of respiration?

  The reaction releases energy
• Where does aerobic respiration take place in cells?

  In mitochondria
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C₆H₁₂O₆
• Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?

  Incomplete breakdown of glucose occurs
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → lactic acid
• What happens to lactic acid after anaerobic respiration?

  It must be removed later
• What is fermentation in yeast?

  Conversion of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide
• How is fermentation used in the bread-making process?

  Yeast produces carbon dioxide for air pockets
• What products are formed during fermentation in yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What are the two types of respiration organisms need to know about?

  • Aerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic respiration
• How do we utilize fermentation in the beverage industry?

  To produce beer and wine
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic: Requires oxygen, efficient, produces CO₂ and water
  • Anaerobic: No oxygen, less efficient, produces lactic acid or ethanol
• What is metabolism?

  • All chemical processes in a living organism
  • Maintains life through energy use
• What are some uses of energy in organisms?

  • Building larger molecules (e.g., proteins)
  • Muscular contraction for movement
  • Maintaining body temperature
• What is the significance of glucose in respiration?

  • Source of energy
  • Broken down during cellular respiration