2-Global energy supply and demand

Created by

Hasset Kifle

Cards (24)

What is the biggest cause of global warming
burning fossil fuels
How can you overcome the environmental impact of fossil fuels
Carbon capture
Pro of nuclear power
Only small amounts of uranium are used so running costs are relatively low
Con of nuclear power
Nuclear power stations are expensive to build
The disposal of radioactive waste can remain dangerous for more then 100yrs
Lost of opposition due to the fear of accidents ( Chernobyl, Fukushima )
what is natural gas
a hydrocarbon formed from the decomposition of organisms deposited on the seabed million of years ago
How is natural gas formed an extracted?
organic matter is buried by layers of sediment and heated by compression. The lack of oxygen produced thermal reactions that converted the organic matter into hydrocarbons
the natural gas rises up through cracks in the overlying rocks and is then collected in reservoirs from which it can be extracted
where is natural gas found?
-Nearly 60% of known natural gas reserves are in Russia, Iran and Qatar
-
How long will the found natural gas reserves last
54yrs at the current rate of production
Recent technology has allowed the extraction of what?
shale gas through the process of fracking
why is fracking a controversial process
high costs
possibility of earthquakes
pollution of underground water
Advantages of extracting natural gas
-provides employment for 1.2million people
-less risk of environmental accidents than oil
-cleanest of the fossil fuels (45% less CO2 emissions than other non-renewable sources
-relatively abundant- increasing as more technology becomes available
Disadvantages of extracting natural gas
-dangerous if handled or transported carelessly
-contributes to global warming
-pipelines are expensive to build and maintain
-some reserves are in politically unstable areas so can be used as a political weapon
example of extracting natural gas
The Camisea Project in 2004
Amazonian region of Peru
Advantages of extraction of natural gas in Amazon
-could save Peru US$4billion in energy costs
-provides employment and boosts local economies
-Peru could save billions of dollars in gas exports
Disadvantages of extraction of natural gas in Amazon
-deforestation will affect natural habitats
-impact the lives of several indigenous tribes
-clearing routes for pipelines has led to landslides, pollution of streams and declining fish stocks
What is a sustainable energy supply
- balancing supply and demand
-develop renewable energy sources and reduce energy consumption
-to increase energy conservation to reduce demand
Example of sustainable energy development 
Malmo, Sweden
an industrial city of 300,000people on Sweden's west coast
How does Malmo, Sweden make energy development sustainable
-all 1000buildings use 100% renewable energy
-since 2019 all buses run on a mixture of biogas and natural gas
- energy comes from solar panels, wind turbines and biogas from local sewage and rubbish
-frequent buses and water taxis offer public transport options
Ways of reducing energy demand
-financial incentives
-raising awareness of the need to save and use energy more efficiently
-using less hot water for domestic appliances
How can technology increase efficiency of fossil fuels
-design more fuel-efficient cars to reduce oil consumption and their carbon footprint
-include carbon fibre
-biofuel can reduce oil (e.g. brazil- reduced oil use by 40% since 1993
Where is Chambamontera? 
An isolated community in the Andes Mountains of Peru
Why does Chambamontera need a sustainable energy scheme?
-More people are dependent on subsistence farming
-Development restricted by lack of electricity
-Low population=uneconomic to build a n electricity grid
-steep slopes and roads are impassable during winter- isolated community
What is the Chambamontera micro-hydro scheme?
High rainfall, steep slopes and fast rivers make it ideal for hydroelectric power
cost= $51,000
How has the scheme benefited the local community?
-provide renewable energy
-little environmental impact
-low maintenance and running costs
-reduced the danger of flooding
-electricity available in winter when heating demands are high
-improved healthcare
-improved school facilities