1.5 solid structures

• What are the three types of bonding in solids?

  Ionic, covalent, and metallic
• What is the significance of crystal coordination number?

  It indicates the number of nearest neighbors
• What should you expect to know about graphene and nanotubes?

  Structures and some properties and applications
• How should you approach learning about giant covalent structures?

  Use methods similar to learning simple network solids
• How can you use your knowledge of transition metals in this context?

  By understanding giant covalent structures
• What does comparing physical characteristics reveal about bonding?

  It shows how bonding influences electrical conductivity
• What method is used to make graphene?

  Oxidation
• What are the properties of graphene and nanotubes?

  They show enormous promise in applications
• What is the structure of diamond?

  Three-dimensional network of covalent bonds
• Why is diamond very hard?

  Each carbon atom is bonded to four others
• How does the structure of graphite differ from diamond?

  Graphite has parallel layers with weak bonds
• Why does graphite conduct electricity?

  Due to delocalized electrons in planar sheets
• What type of forces hold iodine molecules together?

  Weak van der Waals forces
• What is unique about carbon nanotubes' structure?

  They lack a rod or sphere layer structure
• How do the physical properties of graphite vary?

  They differ in different directions due to bonding
• What properties do alkali metals like sodium exhibit?

  Good electrical and thermal conduction
• How does the number of bonding electrons affect metal properties?

  More electrons increase conductivity and strength
• What is the melting temperature of sodium?

  98°C
• What is the melting temperature of mercury?

  -39°C
• What influences the actual properties of a solid?

  Bonding and arrangement of atoms
• What is the basic structure of the periodic table?

  Arranged by outer electron energy levels
• How does the arrangement of elements simplify the study of chemistry?

  It groups elements by similar properties
• What trend is observed in electronegativity across the periodic table?

  Increases across a period, decreases down a group
• What type of elements are found in the s block?

  Metals and some non-metals
• What is the relationship between bond type and melting temperature?

  Bond type correlates with melting temperature
• What forces hold non-metals together?

  Van der Waals intermolecular forces
• What happens to density across a period for non-metals?

  Density increases across a period
• What is the significance of isotopes in chemistry?

  They have the same number of protons but different neutrons
• How do chemical structures relate to chemical bonds?

  Chemical structures are determined by chemical bonds
• What is the role of valency in chemical reactions?

  It involves electron transfer between atoms
• What are the two most saline ions mentioned?

  Ca²⁺ and Br⁻
• How does the periodic table help in understanding element behavior?

  It organizes elements by their properties
• What is the trend in properties as you move across a period?

  Properties generally increase or decrease
• Why is it important to explain the properties of solid alloys?

  They show a wide variety of properties
• How does melting temperature vary across the periodic table?

  It correlates with bond type and structure
• What is the significance of the geometrical shapes of crystalline solids?

  They determine the arrangement of atoms
• How does bonding influence the physical properties of elements?

  It determines characteristics like conductivity
• Why are electronic configurations important in chemistry?

  They govern the properties of elements