Monoclonal Antibodies

• What are monoclonal antibodies derived from?

  A single clone of cells
• How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

  By cloning a single cell to produce antibodies
• What type of cells produce antibodies?

  B lymphocytes or B cells
• What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

  To help fight disease by binding to antigens
• What are antigens?

  Foreign materials that antibodies bind to
• How do antibodies interact with bacteria?

  They bind to specific antigens on bacteria
• What is the significance of hybridoma cells in monoclonal antibody production?

  They produce antibodies and divide rapidly
• How are hybridoma cells created?

  By fusing B cells with fast-dividing tumor cells
• What is the purpose of injecting an animal with an antigen?

  To generate specific B lymphocytes
• What can monoclonal antibodies be designed to bind to?

  Specific proteins, cells, or pathogens
• How can monoclonal antibodies be used in cancer treatment?

  By attaching drugs or radioactive material to them
• What happens when monoclonal antibodies are injected into a patient?

  They locate and destroy cancer cells
• What is the process of creating monoclonal antibodies?

  1. Inject an animal with the desired antigen.
  2. The animal's immune system produces specific B lymphocytes.
  3. Fuse B lymphocytes with fast-dividing tumor cells to create hybridomas.
  4. Hybridomas divide rapidly and produce identical antibodies.
  5. Collect and purify the monoclonal antibodies.
• What are the advantages of using monoclonal antibodies in medicine?

  • Specific targeting of antigens
  • Ability to attach drugs or markers
  • Potential for personalized treatment
  • Consistent and reproducible results
• What are the applications of monoclonal antibodies?

  • Cancer treatment
  • Diagnostic tests
  • Research tools
  • Treatment for autoimmune diseases