Physical

• A landlocked country is surrounded by land and has no direct access to the sea. 


  Malawi doesn't have direct access to a port, so it cannot trade, and its low trade rate makes it more difficult.

  Therefore, Malawi's income decreases. as they are not able to invest in the country and so less FDI (foreign direct investment)
• Extreme climates, such as drought, can make agriculture difficult 


  Rainfall in Chad is deficient, which means crop yields will be low.

  Impact on subsistence farming= low food supply, malnutrition.

  Impact on commercial farming= low food supply so less income (may be able to afford sprinklers)
• Limited natural resources e.g. water 


  access to soil, water, fossil fuels and animals important because it means people are able to use water for homes and energy. Need soil to grow crops