ATP

• What does ATP stand for?


  adenosine triphosphate
• In what process is ATP used in?


  Synthesis- the building of large complex molecules from smaller molecules

  Transport- pumping molecules or ions across membrane by active transport

  Movement- Cytoskeleton, protein muscle fibres require energy to contract
• What is the role of ATP


  the universal currency so its main molecule used in energy transfer in all organisms
• Describe properties of ATP


  • small- easy to move around, in and out of cells
  • water soluble- energy-requiring process happen in aqueous environments
  • contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy, energy is not wasted as heat as it releases energy in smaller quantities
  • unstable phosphate bond- easily broken
  • easily regenerated from ADP and inorganic phosphates
• Where is energy stored in ATP


  in the phosphate bond between the second and third phosphate groups
• What process is involved when removing a phosphate from ATP and how much energy?


  small amount of energy is required to remove a phosphate from ATP during hydrolysis
• What happens when the free phosphate forms a new bond within another reaction?


  higher amounts of energy is released- high net energy release
• How much energy is released when ATP is hydrolysed to form ADP + inorganic phosphate


  30.5 kJ
• How is ATP is resynthesized


  via condensation reactions which is also called phosphorylation
• Is ATP a stable molecule


  no so energy is stored as fats and carbohydrates in most organisms
• What happens to the fats and carbohydrates in cellular respiration


  are broken down to release energy as ATP