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medicine
Med 1900-present
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Cards (123)
Causes of disease 1900-present
Lifestyle
Diet
Drinking alcohol
STD
DNA
and genetics
Causes of disease:lifestyle
smoking
diet
drinking
and drugs
STDs
smoking
Causes
lung cancer
high blood pressure,
heart disease
, gum disease,
throat
and
mouth
cancer
passive smoking
causes
asthma
Diet
sugar
and fat in processed foods causes type 2
diabetes
too much fat-
heart disease
Alcohol and drugs
binge drinking
-liver disease,
kidney problems
, alcoholism
drug addiction- poor mental
health,
disease
sharing needles
STDs
unprotected sex
lead to
HIV
and
aids
DNA and genetics
1900- realised some diseases
hereditary
1931-
electron microscope
, genes could be seen
1953- Francis crick and James Watson discover
DNA
proved DNA was in every human cell- worked with
rosalind franklin
franklin-used
X-rays
to photograph DNA
1986-
Human
genome
project- identify purpose of every human gene
2001
- DNA map of body complete
Result of mapping of human body
Genetic disorders identified: Down’s
syndrome,
diabetes, cystic
fibrosis
and breast
cancer.
Why was the discovery of
DNA
significant
Gene
therapy-
sickle cell anemia
Can now screen for genetic diseases-
breast cancer
Causes of illness: diagnosis and science technology
Blood tests and
biopsies
Blood
sugar
monitoring
Ct scans
MRI scans
ECGs
Ultrasound
X-rays
Endoscopes
blood tests and biopsies
since
1930s
blood tests have been used to diagnose cause of illness e.g
ananemia
Biopsies(samples
of tissue)
Blood sugar monitoring
checks peoples blood with
diabetes
to establish the level of
sugar
in the blood
CT scans
advanced
X-rays-
used to diagnose
tumours
and
cancer
MRI scans
use
magnets
ad
radio wave
to create an internal image of the body- used to diagnose
soft tissue
or
ligament
damage
Echocardiograms-
ECGs
use electric
impulses
to track heart activity. help diagnose a
heart attack
and
irregular heart patterns
Ultrasound
use sound waves to build up an image of the inside of he body. help diagnose
kidney
and
gall
stones
X-rays
Since the
1890s
used to diagnose broken
bones
Endoscopes
Flexible camera sees inside the body and diagnoses
digestive
problems
Magic bullets
1: salvarsan
606
2:
prontosil
3:
sulphonmide
4:
penicillin
First magic bullet:
salvarsan 606
Paul Erlich
theorised chemicals will kill bacteria
1919
discovered Salvarsan the
606th
chemical compound killed the STD
syphilis.
however based on
arsenic
and also killed the patient.
significant because it led to the discovery of other chemical compounds
second magic bullet:
Prontosil
1932
gerhard domagk discovered prontosil
his daughter had
blood
poisoning
and prontosil made her recover
third magic bullet
Sulphonamide
realised it killed
bacteria
and led to new drugs that cure;
pneumonia
and
scarlet fever
fourth magic bullet:
1928
Alexander
Fleming discovered penicillin after leaving Petri dishes with bacteria on. the mould that grew killed bacteria
he diluted the Mold, didn’t kill bacteria internally only outside the body.
1938-
Florey
and
chain
created pure penicillin which could kill internal bacteria e.g septicaemia
US
gov mass produced for WW2
Why was the development of
penicillin
significant:
Deaths
from disease decreased
1943
streptomycin
- cured tuberculosis
Short term: miracle cure for diseases
Long term: superbugs like
MRSA
have became resistant to antibiotics
What was the life expectancy around 1900?
About 50 years
View source
Why could most families not afford to see a doctor by 1900?
Medical
costs
were too high for families
View source
What theory gained wider acceptance by 1900?
Pasteur's
germ theory
View source
What ideas about disease were no longer believed by 1900?
Miasma
and the
Four Humours
View source
What was changing regarding public health attitudes by 1900?
The
laissez-faire
attitude was dying out
View source
What did scientists realize about disease causes?
Not all diseases are caused by
microbes
View source
Who theorized that genes come in pairs?
Mendel
View source
What was the limitation of microscopes by 1900 regarding genetics?
They weren't powerful enough to identify
gene pairs
View source
What substance was identified as responsible for hereditary characteristics in 1953?
DNA
View source
What shape did Watson and Crick discover DNA to have?
Double helix
View source
Who contributed x-ray images that helped discover DNA's structure?
Rosalind Franklin
and
Maurice Wilkins
View source
Why was knowing the structure of DNA important for medicine?
It helped identify
hereditary
disease causes
View source
What was launched in 1990 to map human DNA?
The
Human Genome Project
View source
How many DNA pairs does the Human Genome Project identify?
Over
3 billion
pairs
View source
What can scientists do with the DNA blueprint from the Human Genome Project?
Look for mistakes in
hereditary diseases
View source
What preventative measure can people take if they test positive for a breast cancer gene?
Choose to have a
mastectomy
View source
See all 123 cards
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