Geography paper 2

• What is the birth rate?

  Number of children born per 1000 people
• How does a country's development affect women's education and birth rates?

  Women seek careers, leading to fewer children
• Why might government policies affect the accuracy of birth rates?

  Changes in policies can alter birth rates
• What is the death rate?

  Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
• What does a high death rate indicate about a country's health?

  It indicates poor health conditions
• Why is the death rate less reliable in high-income countries (HICs)?

  HICs have older populations, increasing death rates
• What is infant mortality?

  Number of babies who die before one year old
• How does infant mortality relate to a country's health status?

  It indicates overall health conditions
• Why might infant mortality rates vary within a country?

  Different regions may have varying health access
• What are the physical factors affecting development?

  • Poor climate affects crop growth
  • Poor farming land limits food production
  • Few raw materials reduce export potential
  • Natural disasters hinder development and quality of life
• How does poor climate affect development?

  It leads to malnutrition and limited growth
• What is the impact of poor farming land on development?

  Limits food production and economic growth
• How do few raw materials affect a country's economy?

  Leads to fewer products to export
• What are the consequences of natural disasters on development?

  They reduce quality of life and require rebuilding
• What are the historical causes of uneven development?

  1. Colonisation: Profits went to colonizers, hindering local development.
  2. Conflict: War damages infrastructure and disrupts health and education.
• How does colonisation affect development after independence?

  It leads to low development and inequality
• What impact does conflict have on a country's development?

  Reduces development and increases infant mortality
• What are the consequences of uneven development?

  • Wealth disparities between developed and LICs
  • Health outcomes are better in HICs
  • International migration from LICs to HICs
• How does wealth differ between developed countries and LICs?

  Developed countries have higher income levels
• What is the impact of health on development in HICs compared to LICs?

  People in HICs live longer and healthier
• Why do people from LICs migrate to HICs?

  To escape conflict or improve quality of life
• What are the economic factors affecting development?

  • Poor trade links limit government revenue
  • Debt reduces available funds for development
  • Primary product economies earn less profit
• How do poor trade links affect a country's economy?

  They limit government revenue and growth
• What is the impact of debt on development?

  Reduces funds available for development projects
• Why is an economy based on primary products less profitable?

  They are sold for less than manufactured goods
• What strategies can reduce the development gap?

  • Investment in infrastructure and technology
  • Aid for education and resources
  • Intermediate technology for local needs
  • Industrial development for employment
  • Fairtrade for equitable pay
  • Debt relief for project investment
• What is one strategy to reduce the development gap?

  Investment in infrastructure and technology
• How does aid help reduce the development gap?

  Provides resources for education and food
• What is the purpose of intermediate technology?

  To provide sustainable solutions for local needs
• How does industrial development contribute to reducing the development gap?

  It creates jobs and boosts income levels
• What is Fairtrade's role in reducing the development gap?

  Ensures fair pay for producers in LICs
• How does debt relief help countries develop?

  Allows investment in development projects
• What does "people per doctor" measure?

  Doctors per 1000 people
• What does a higher number of doctors indicate?

  Better healthcare and more productivity
• What is the role of literacy in a country?

  Number of educated people
• How does literacy affect a country's economy?

  More educated people lead to better jobs
• What is GNI per capita?

  GNI divided by total population
• What is a limitation of GNI per capita?

  It can be misleading as an average
• What does access to safe water measure?

  Percentage of people with clean water
• Why is access to safe water important?

  It keeps the population healthy and productive