Frustration, Aggression

• Who proposed the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

  Dollard et al. (1939)
• What causes aggression according to Dollard et al.?

  Frustration when goals are blocked
• How does proximity to a goal affect frustration and aggression?

  The closer to the goal, the stronger the frustration
• What is an example of catharsis in aggression?

  Punching a pillow to release anger
• What can ineffective aggression lead to?

  Increased frustration without resolution
• What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggest about the target of aggression?

  Aggression may not target the actual source
• Why might aggression not target the actual source of frustration?

  If the source is abstract, powerful, or unavailable
• What behavior exemplifies ineffective aggression in traffic?

  Yelling without resolving the issue
• Give an example of an abstract source of frustration.

  The economy
• Give an example of a powerful source of frustration.

  A strict teacher
• Give an example of an unavailable source of frustration.

  Someone leaving the room