Cardiovascular System

Cards (94)

  • What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?
    Heart, blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries
  • What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
    Deliver oxygen and nutrients, remove waste
  • Where is the heart located?
    Beneath the sternum, within the mediastinum
  • What is the size of the heart?
    Size of a closed fist
  • From which rib to which rib does the heart extend?
    From the 2nd rib to the 6th rib
  • How is the heart positioned in the body?
    Obliquely, broad base to right shoulder
  • What is the point of maximal intensity (PMI) of the heart?
    Location where heart sounds are best heard
  • What is the outermost portion of the heart called?
    Pericardium
  • What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
    Parietal and visceral layers
  • What is the function of the pericardial cavity?
    Contains fluid for lubrication during contraction
  • What are the three layers of the heart wall?
    Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
  • What is the function of the myocardium?
    Contracts to pump blood
  • What is the role of the endocardium?
    Protective inner lining of chambers and valves
  • How many chambers does the heart have?
    Four chambers
  • What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
    Ventricles
  • What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
    Atria
  • What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) valves?
    Allow forward flow and prevent backward flow
  • What are the two types of AV valves?
    Tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves
  • What heart sound is associated with the closure of the AV valves?
    First sound = Lub
  • What heart sound is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves?
    Second sound = Dub
  • What separates the right and left atria?
    Interatrial septum
  • What separates the right and left ventricles?
    Interventricular septum
  • What type of blood does the right side of the heart carry?
    Deoxygenated blood
  • What type of blood does the left side of the heart carry?
    Oxygenated blood
  • What happens to blood in the lungs?
    Gas exchange occurs, oxygen is obtained
  • What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
    Carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium
  • What is the function of the aorta?
    Distributes oxygenated blood to the body
  • How much blood does the heart pump daily?
    7,000 litres
  • How many times does the heart contract in an average lifetime?
    Approximately 2.5 - 3 billion times
  • What is the average heart rate at rest?
    60-80 beats per minute
  • What is the role of coronary arteries?
    Supply oxygen-rich blood to heart muscles
  • What is the intrinsic conduction system of the heart responsible for?
    Generating electrical impulses for heartbeats
  • What is the pacemaker of the heart?
    Sinoatrial (SA) node
  • What happens when the SA node generates an impulse?
    Atria contract and blood moves to ventricles
  • What is the purpose of the delay at the AV node?
    Allows atria to finish contracting and ventricles to fill
  • How does the impulse spread through the ventricles?
    Starts at the apex and spreads upwards
  • What is the duration of one cardiac cycle?
    0.8 seconds
  • What are the stages of the cardiac cycle?
    Complete diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole
  • What are the three layers of blood vessels?
    Tunic intima, tunic media, tunic externa
  • What is the function of capillaries?
    Site of gas and nutrient exchange