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Cardiovascular System
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Created by
Cerys Heyward
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Cards (94)
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?
Heart
, blood vessels,
arteries
, veins,
capillaries
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What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
Deliver
oxygen
and
nutrients
, remove
waste
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Where is the heart located?
Beneath the
sternum
, within the
mediastinum
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What is the size of the heart?
Size of a
closed fist
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From which rib to which rib does the heart extend?
From the
2nd
rib to the
6th
rib
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How is the heart positioned in the body?
Obliquely
, broad base to
right shoulder
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What is the point of maximal intensity (PMI) of the heart?
Location where
heart sounds
are best heard
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What is the outermost portion of the heart called?
Pericardium
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What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
Parietal
and
visceral
layers
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What is the function of the pericardial cavity?
Contains fluid for lubrication during
contraction
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What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
,
myocardium
,
endocardium
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What is the function of the myocardium?
Contracts
to pump blood
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What is the role of the endocardium?
Protective inner lining of
chambers
and valves
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How many chambers does the heart have?
Four
chambers
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What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
Ventricles
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What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
Atria
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What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) valves?
Allow
forward
flow and prevent
backward
flow
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What are the two types of AV valves?
Tricuspid
and
bicuspid
(mitral) valves
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What heart sound is associated with the closure of the AV valves?
First sound =
Lub
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What heart sound is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves?
Second sound
=
Dub
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What separates the right and left atria?
Interatrial septum
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What separates the right and left ventricles?
Interventricular septum
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What type of blood does the right side of the heart carry?
Deoxygenated
blood
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What type of blood does the left side of the heart carry?
Oxygenated blood
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What happens to blood in the lungs?
Gas exchange
occurs,
oxygen
is obtained
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What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
Carry
oxygenated
blood to the
left atrium
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What is the function of the aorta?
Distributes
oxygenated
blood to the body
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How much blood does the heart pump daily?
7,000 litres
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How many times does the heart contract in an average lifetime?
Approximately
2.5 - 3 billion
times
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What is the average heart rate at rest?
60-80
beats per minute
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What is the role of coronary arteries?
Supply
oxygen-rich
blood to
heart muscles
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What is the intrinsic conduction system of the heart responsible for?
Generating
electrical impulses
for heartbeats
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What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA)
node
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What happens when the SA node generates an impulse?
Atria
contract and blood moves to
ventricles
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What is the purpose of the delay at the AV node?
Allows
atria
to finish contracting and
ventricles
to fill
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How does the impulse spread through the ventricles?
Starts at the
apex
and spreads upwards
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What is the duration of one cardiac cycle?
0.8 seconds
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What are the stages of the cardiac cycle?
Complete
diastole
,
atrial systole
,
ventricular systole
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What are the three layers of blood vessels?
Tunic intima
, tunic media,
tunic externa
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What is the function of capillaries?
Site of
gas and nutrient exchange
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