Germany 1919 - 1939

• When did the First World War end?

  1918
• What happened to Germany's allies after the war?

  Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were carved up
• What was the consequence of Germany's defeat?

  The Kaiser abdicated and chaos ensued
• What was declared in Weimar?

  The Weimar Republic
• What did the Treaty of Versailles dictate?

  Terms of Allied victory and reparations
• What territory was occupied by the Allies?

  The Rhineland
• What responsibilities did Germany have after the war?

  Reduce military, pay reparations, accept blame
• What was the voting system used in the Weimar Republic?

  Proportional representation
• What power did the president have in the Weimar Republic?

  Call elections and appoint the chancellor
• Why was cooperation necessary in the Reichstag?

  No party ever got 50% of the seats
• What was a significant challenge for the Weimar Republic?

  Numerous attempts at revolutions
• What was the Socialist Republic of Bavaria?

  An aborted revolution attempt
• Who led the 1920 Revolution?

  Dr. Wolfgang Kapp
• What ended Kapp's Revolution?

  A general strike
• What was the impact of missed war payments?

  French occupation of the Ruhr region
• What was the Ruhr region known for?

  Heavily industrialized area
• How could Germany pay reparations?

  In raw materials or foreign currencies
• What caused hyperinflation in Germany?

  Printing more paper marks
• How much did a loaf of bread cost in January 1923?

  163 marks
• How much did a loaf of bread cost in November 1923?

  75 billion marks
• Who led the attempted revolution in Munich in 1923?

  Adolf Hitler
• What was the SA?

  The military arm of the Nazi Party
• What was the outcome of Hitler's revolution attempt?

  It failed and he was arrested
• What did Hitler write while in prison?

  Mein Kampf
• Who helped stabilize the Weimar Republic?

  Gustav Stresemann and Charles Dawes
• What did Charles Dawes help with?

  Relieve some of Germany's economic problems
• What happened when the Great Depression struck?

  It tanked the U.S. economy and Germany's
• What did Paul von Hindenburg invoke during the crisis?

  Article 48
• What was a major flaw of Article 48?

  No definition of an emergency
• What political parties did Germans turn to during crises?

  Communists and National Socialists
• What did the Nazis believe about German-speaking peoples?

  They should be united in a single state
• Who did the Nazis identify as enemies?

  Communists and Jews
• Why were the Nazis popular among Germans?

  They disregarded the Treaty of Versailles
• What did the Nazis promise to address?

  Continuing economic crises
• By 1932, what was the status of the Nazi Party?

  They were the largest party
• What did Hitler request from Hindenburg?

  To be made Chancellor
• Why did Hindenburg initially refuse Hitler's request?

  He feared Hitler would overthrow the government
• What event allowed Hitler to consolidate power?

  The Reichstag fire
• What decree did Hindenburg issue under pressure from Hitler?

  The Reichstag Fire Decree
• What did the Enabling Act allow Hitler to do?

  Suspended civil liberties and gave him dictatorial powers