GEOGRAPHY GCSE

• What is rock fall in coastal processes?

  Collapse of unsupported weathered areas
• How does slumping occur?

  Rainwater saturates soil, causing slips
• What is sliding in coastal processes?

  Movement of material along a flat surface
• What impact do these processes have on coastal landforms?

  They significantly alter cliffs and headlands
• What is one source of beach material?

  Movement of material from coastal processes
• What is weathering?

  Breakdown of rocks on or near the surface
• What are the types of weathering?

  Mechanical, chemical, and biological
• How does mechanical weathering occur?

  Freeze-thaw splits the rock apart
• What is chemical weathering?

  Salt corrosion and acid rain affect rocks
• How does biological weathering occur?

  Plants and animals weaken cliff structures
• What is the impact of weathering on cliff faces?

  It shapes and alters their structure
• What is transportation in coastal processes?

  Movement of material by various methods
• What are the methods of transportation?

  Solution, suspension, saltation, and traction
• What is deposition in coastal processes?

  Putting down of transported material
• How does longshore drift work?

  Transports sediment in a zig-zag movement
• What happens to sediment during longshore drift?

  Swash pushes it up, backwash drags it down
• What forms as sediment builds up?

  Spits, bars, or tombolos
• What do constructive waves do?

  Build up beaches with greater swash
• What characterizes a constructive beach?

  Wide and gently sloping
• How can coastal processes be investigated?

  • Measuring beach profiles
  • Analyzing beach morphology
  • Observing wave action effects
• What does a narrow, steeply sloping beach indicate?

  Destructive waves are likely present
• What does a wider, gently sloping beach indicate?

  Constructive waves or beach replenishment
• What percentage of the Dorset Coast is developed?

  25%
• What has dredging the seabed caused along the coast?

  Increased erosion
• What is Swanage Bay known for?

  Residential and tourist center with sea defences
• What types of defences are built in Swanage Bay?

  Groynes and sea walls
• What is Durlston Bay known for?

  Unstable cliffs with landslides and fossil beds
• What is the impact of climate change on coastlines?

  Rising sea levels increase erosion and flooding
• What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)?

  Managing coastal processes and stakeholders
• What does a cost-benefit analysis in coastal management evaluate?

  Economic, social, and environmental impacts
• What is the cost of sea walls per meter?

  £6,000/m
• What is the cost of maintaining beaches with groynes per meter?

  £1,000/m
• What is beach replenishment?

  Rebuilding beaches as a natural defence
• What is slope stabilization?

  Holding cliffs in place with planting
• What are the two categories of coastal management methods?

  1. Do nothing - no protection
  2. Strategic realignment - allowing flooding in some areas
• How can coastal management be investigated?

  Using qualitative and quantitative techniques
• What is a hydrograph?

  Shows river response to rainfall events
• What does the lag time in a hydrograph represent?

  Time between peak rainfall and peak discharge
• What characterizes a flashy hydrograph?

  Steep rising limb and short lag time
• What factors contribute to a flashy hydrograph?

  Heavy rainfall and impermeable surfaces