EarthScie Q2

• What is waste defined as?

  Substance intended to be disposed
• What are other names for waste?

  Rubbish, trash, junk, garbage
• What does disposal mean in waste management?

  Operations leading to resource recovery or reuse
• What is waste management?

  Collection, transport, processing, and monitoring of waste
• Why is waste management important?

  It protects the environment and conserves energy
• What are the types of waste disposal methods?

  1. Landfill
  2. Incineration
  3. Recycling
  4. Energy Recovery
  5. Waste Minimization
• What is a landfill?

  Burying waste material under soil
• What is a con of using landfills?

  Space availability and methane emissions
• What is incineration?

  Burning waste materials to reduce volume
• What is a con of incineration?

  Release of micro pollutants into the atmosphere
• What is recycling?

  Transforming materials into new products
• What is a con of recycling?

  Not all materials can be recycled
• What is energy recovery?

  Converting waste into electricity and heat
• What is waste minimization?

  Reducing the amount of waste produced
• What are the advantages of waste disposal?

  • Highly lucrative practice
  • Keeps the environment clean
  • Saves energy and reduces pollution
  • Creates employment opportunities
• What are the disadvantages of waste disposal?

  • Not always cost-effective
  • Resultant products have short life
  • Sites can be dangerous
  • Practices are not uniform
• What is the waste management hierarchy?

  1. Reduce what you can
  2. Re-use what you can
  3. Recycle & compost what you can
  4. Create energy for electricity
  5. Dispose of in landfill (last option)
• What are exogenic processes?

  Processes that occur at Earth's surface
• What are the forms of exogenic processes?

  Weathering, erosion, mass wasting, sedimentation
• What is weathering?

  Breaking down or dissolving of rocks
• What happens after weathering?

  Erosion moves weathered rocks to another area
• What are the types of weathering?

  1. Physical
  2. Chemical
  3. Biological
• What is physical weathering?

  Change in physical properties without chemical change
• What is an example of physical weathering?

  Formation of potholes in the road
• What is exfoliation?

  Separation of outer layers of rocks
• What is ice wedging?

  Fracturing rocks due to freezing and thawing
• What is salt wedging?

  Salt crystals grow in rock cracks
• How do temperature changes contribute to physical weathering?

  Rocks expand and contract with temperature changes
• What is abrasion?

  Grinding of rocks and sediments against each other
• What is chemical weathering?

  Change in composition through chemical reactions
• What is hydrolysis?

  Water breaks down chemical bonds in substances
• What is hydration in chemical weathering?

  Water combines with minerals causing expansion
• What is oxidation?

  Reaction of a substance with oxygen
• What is carbonation?

  Combining carbon dioxide and water to form acid
• What is biological weathering?

  Weathering caused by movements of plants and animals
• How do plant roots contribute to biological weathering?

  Roots penetrate cracks and produce organic acids
• What is microbial activity in weathering?

  Microbes alter rock's chemical composition
• How do burrowing animals contribute to weathering?

  They expose rocks to weathering processes
• What is mass wasting?

  Downslope movement of sediments caused by gravity
• What are the types of mass wasting?

  Rockfalls, landslides, debris flow, slump, creep