q2 intro to robotics

• Karel Capek - introduced the term robot in the year 1920 in his play titled "Rossum's Universal Robots".
• ● The first Unimate robotic arm was installed at General Motors Plant in New Jersey, in 1961.
• He imagines a future world where robots become the world's workers. 


  karel capek
• effectors are


  Devices attached to the end of a robot's arm to help it interact with the surrounding environment.
• Effectors are essential components of robots, and they come in various types, each with its unique advantages and disadvantages
• sensors are used to detect something
• effectors are like a hand, attached to the end of the arm
• actuators are muscles of the robot, they convert stored energy to mechanical energy
• The three major types of actuators:

  • hydraulic: pressure and volume
  • pneumatic: compressed air
  • electric: electricity
• controllers - control movement of robot parts
• arms - similar to human arm function, may be the sum total

  of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot
• types of robots

  1. mobile (rolling, walking)
  2. stationary
  3. autonomous
  4. remote controlled
  5. virtual
• mobile robot - controlled by a software, needs guidance
• rolling robot - wheels
• walking robot - legs
• stationary robots - do not move except for the arm, does repetitive tasks usually in industrial processes
• autonomous robot - can decide depending on the situation by itself, no direct human control which requires less to no guidance at all.

  use sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) to perceive their environment, make decisions, and take actions.
• remote controlled robots - also known as teleoperated robots, can be operated remotely by a human from a separate control station. programmed to move and perform tasks automatically, and can be controlled using radio or electronic signals
• virtual robots - can be accessed on the internet, only robot without hardware, ex. AI
• Isaac Asimov - first one to describe the word "Robotics" in "Three Laws of Robotics," in 1942
• George Devol - in 1954, he filed a patent for a robotic arm that could move with six degrees of freedom
• Joseph Engelberger - Developed "Unimate" the first industrial robot with the help of Unimation Inc. (World's first robotics company).