Peter Trudgill: Norwich 1974

• Who studied Norwich speech in the 1970s?

  Peter Trudgill
• What was the purpose of Trudgill's study on Norwich speech?

  To find out how and why speech varied
• What three variables did Trudgill study in Norwich speech?

  • 'n' in words like 'walking'
  • 't' glottal stop in words like 'water'
  • 'h' loss in words like 'have'
• What is the standard English (SE) form of 'n' in 'walking'?

  'ng'
• What does the 't' glottal stop refer to in Trudgill's study?

  Pronunciation of 't' in words like 'water'
• What is an example of the loss of initial 'h' in Trudgill's study?

  'have'
• What are the percentages of 'n', 't' (glottal stop), and 'h' (absent) for middle classes?

  • 'n': 31%
  • 't' (glottal stop): 41%
  • 'h' (absent): 6%
• What are the percentages of 'n', 't' (glottal stop), and 'h' (absent) for lower middle classes?

  • 'n': 42%
  • 't' (glottal stop): 62%
  • 'h' (absent): 14%
• What are the percentages of 'n', 't' (glottal stop), and 'h' (absent) for upper working classes?

  • 'n': 87%
  • 't' (glottal stop): 89%
  • 'h' (absent): 40%
• What are the percentages of 'n', 't' (glottal stop), and 'h' (absent) for middle working classes?

  • 'n': 95%
  • 't' (glottal stop): 92%
  • 'h' (absent): 59%
• What are the percentages of 'n', 't' (glottal stop), and 'h' (absent) for lower working classes?

  • 'n': 100%
  • 't' (glottal stop): 94%
  • 'h' (absent): 61%
• How do the percentages of 'n', 't' (glottal stop), and 'h' (absent) vary across social classes?

  • Higher social classes use 'n' and 't' less
  • Lower social classes use 'n' and 't' more
  • 'h' absence increases in lower classes