EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

• What is Experimental Design?


  Is a complete sequence of steps or procedures that need to be followed
• What is the purpose of experiment design?

  To answer the research objectives
• According to Caintic and Cruz, 2008:


  To simply put, experimental design is a description of WHAT a researcher would like to find out and HOW to find it out
• What are the non-negotiable and must be observed principles of experimental design?

  • Replication
  • Randomization
  • Local Control
  • Control of Extraneous variables
• What is Replication in experimental design?


  Repetition of the experiment several times
• Why is replication important in experimental design?


  • It is one way of ensuring the validity of the results in the experiment
• In experimental design, the least number of replicates per group is?


  Three
• In replication, does the replicates receive the same treatment?


  Yes
• What is randomization in experimental design?


  Assignment of the experimental subjects to the different treatments by chance or at random
• Why is randomization important in experiments?


  Because it is done to create equivalent groups and to reduce experimental bias
• How is randomization done?


  It is done through random sampling or lottery method
• What is Local Control in experimental design?


  Refers to the balancing, grouping, and blocking of experimental subjects
• The experimental subjects in Local Control must be..


  Homogeneous or alike in characteristics and attributes
• What does VOTAT stand for in experimental design?


  Vary One Thing At a Time
• In Local Control the experimented must?


  Must consistently deal with only a single factor at a time and keep other factors CONSTANT
• What is Control of Extraneous variables in experimental design?


  This refers to control of intervening variables that may affect the experimental subjects
• Why is it important to control extraneous variables?


  • To ensure that it does not affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
  • To ensure that it does not affect the results of the experiment
• What is a treatment in experimental design?


  It is the procedure done on experimental subjects
• In planning a research design, the researchers identifies the following:

  1. Experimental subjects
  2. Variables in the study
  3. Replication
  4. Control Group
  5. Experimental Group
• What are experimental subjects?


  Are the main materials being used in the experiment and being subjected to the different treatments
• What are variables?


  There are two types:

  • Independent
  • Dependent
• What is an independent variable?


  The manipulated variable, the cause
• What is a dependent variable?


  The responding variable, the effect
• What are replicates in an experiment?


  Are subjects receiving the same treatment
• What is a control group in an experiment?


  Refers to the group of experimental subjects which serves as the basis for comparison with the experimental group
• What are the two types of Control group?


  • Positive
  • Negative
• What is a positive control group?


  The group of experimental subjects applied with a treatment that is proven (commercially-available product)
• What is a Negative control group?


  The group of experimental subjects applied with a treatment that is neutral or no effect at all
• What is an Experimental Group?


  Refers to the group if Experimental subjects applied with the treatment under study
• What is characterized by Control group?

  It is characterized by the absence of independent variable
• What characterized Experimental group?


  It is characterized by the presence of independent variable
• Neem seed extract:


  Azadirachta Indica
• Rice bugs:

  Leptocorisa acuta
• What steps should be followed in experimentation?

  • Follow your Experimental Design
  • Investigate to test the hypothesis
  • Make observations and collect data
  • Ensure numerical measurements of variables