Anatomy Intro

• What are the basic concepts of anatomical position?

  • Palms out, fingers partly splayed
  • Elbows facing back
  • Head facing front
  • Arms straight and hanging at sides
  • Feet facing front, no side on view
  • Legs almost together
  • Midline
• What does the term "prone" refer to in anatomical position?

  Forward or inclined towards
• What does the term "supine" refer to in anatomical position?

  Turned or thrown back
• What are the three anatomical planes?

  • Transverse/Axial
  • Coronal/Frontal
  • Sagittal
• What are the regions of the body and their components?

  • Head and Neck: Skull, brain, sensory organs, larynx
  • Thorax: Ribcage, heart, lungs, trachea
  • Abdomen: Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys
  • Pelvis: Bladder, reproductive and digestive organs
• How are the abdomen and pelvis further divided?

  • Quadrants and Regions
  • Used for narrowing down organ position
• What is the Right Lumbar region used for?

  Narrowing down organ position
• How is left and right determined in anatomical terms?

  By the body's perspective, not the observer's
• What do the terms lateral and medial refer to?

  Lateral means to the side; medial means to the middle
• What do the anatomical terms anterior and posterior refer to?

  Front and back
• What do superior and inferior indicate in anatomical terms?

  Above and below
• What is the difference between proximal and distal?

  Proximal is closer; distal is farther
• What do superficial and deep refer to in anatomy?

  Superficial is close to the surface; deep is further away
• What are ipsilateral and contralateral terms used for?

  • Ipsilateral: Same side
  • Contralateral: Opposite side
• What do visceral and parietal refer to?

  • Visceral: Organ or organ-side
  • Parietal: Wall or wall-side
• What does rostral mean in anatomical terms?

  Towards the nose or frontal lobe
• What do palmar and dorsal refer to?

  Alternatives to anterior and posterior
• What are the types of anatomical movements?

  • Flexion and Extension
  • Abduction and Adduction
  • Rotation
  • Elevation and Depression
  • Protraction and Retraction
  • Pronation and Supination
  • Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
• What is flexion in anatomical terms?

  A movement that decreases the angle between two parts
• What is extension in anatomical terms?

  An increase in the angle between two parts
• What does abduction mean?

  Away from the midline
• What does adduction mean?

  Towards the midline
• What are the two types of rotation?

  Lateral and medial
• What is elevation in anatomical terms?

  A movement in a superior direction
• What is depression in anatomical terms?

  A movement in an inferior direction
• What do protraction and retraction refer to?

  Movement of arms anteriorly or posteriorly
• What is pronation?

  Rotation of the forearm or foot inward
• What is supination?

  Rotation of the forearm or foot outward
• What is dorsiflexion?

  Decreases angle between top of foot and shin
• What is plantarflexion?

  Increases angle between top of foot and shin
• What are the major groups of supporting tissue types?

  • Bones
  • Cartilage
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Fascia
• What is the function of bones?

  Support and articulation
• What are the four types of bones?

  • Sesamoid
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Long
• What bones are included in the human skeletal structure?

  • Cranium
  • Mandible
  • Clavicle
  • Sternum
  • Humerus
  • Rib
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Metacarpals
  • Femur
  • Tibia
  • Spine
  • Scapula
  • Vertebra
  • Pelvis
  • Sacrum
  • Metatarsals
  • Fibula
• What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton?

  • Axial: 80 bones, houses vital parts
  • Appendicular: 126 bones, functionality in locomotion
• What is the function of cartilage?

  Acts as a shock absorber at joints
• What are the three types of cartilage?

  Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
• What are the major regions of the vertebral column?

  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
• What is the role of tendons?

  Securing muscle to bone
• What do ligaments connect?

  Bone to bone