Social policy

• Alexander II- emancipated peasants, Zmestva, Scholars allowed to trave, Finns given currency and parliament, some Jews allowed to settle outside pale
• Alexander III- police centralised, Judges given clear advice, elected justices of peace abolished and replaced by the hated land captains
• Alexander III- bad conditions in prisons, peasant representation in Zmestva reduced, backwards agriculture
• Alexander III- 1866 Poll tax and 1883 peasants land bank
• Alexander III- gov slow to act with 1891 famine, 'industrial revolution' brough social changes as millions of peasants moved to industries
• Alexander III- average 16 people living in apartment; running water available in 1/3 of St Petersburg houses
• Alexander III- repression of Ukraine, Russian language only in empire
• Nicholas and Stolypin-

  • state and crown lands available to peasants land bank
  • peasants could leave Mir but needed consent
  • decrease in strikes
  • industrial workforce growing
  • peasants had inadequate accommodation in cities
  • Lena Goldfields
  • fundamental laws
• PG-

  • people given liberal rights
  • national militia
  • seperation of state and church
  • locally selected committees
• Lenin:

  • redistributed land from lords to peasants
  • Non-Russian land given independence
  • labour rights
  • access to education
  • civil marriage and divorce easier
  • titles abolised
  • trade unions
• Tsars autocratic and did not want to sacrifice power
• Lenin used education most to take control