Costal management

• What are the two types of coastal defences mentioned?

  Hard and soft engineering
• What does managed retreat involve?

  Removing defences and allowing flooding
• What happens to the land over time after managed retreat?

  It becomes marshland that protects against flooding
• What is a key advantage of managed retreat?

  It is a cheap strategy that requires no maintenance
• What is a potential conflict associated with managed retreat?

  Disagreements over which areas to flood
• What are the criteria for sustainable coastal management strategies?

  • Control flooding and erosion
  • Avoid causing problems elsewhere
  • Consider the needs of local people
• What does Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) aim to achieve?

  Protect the coast while considering all interests
• Why is ICZM considered a long-term approach?

  It can adapt to future needs and changes
• How does ICZM differ from traditional coastal management approaches?

  It incorporates diverse interests and long-term planning
• What is soft engineering in coastal management?

  Using natural processes to manage coastlines
• What is hard engineering in coastal management?

  Using solid structures to protect coastlines
• What is the purpose of a sea wall?

  To reflect waves back to the sea
• What are gabions?

  Wire cages filled with rocks
• How do gabions help in coastal management?

  They absorb wave energy and reduce erosion
• What is rock armour also known as?

  Rip-rap
• What is the function of rock armour?

  To absorb wave energy and reduce erosion
• What are groynes?

  Fences built at right angles to the coast
• How do groynes affect longshore drift?

  They trap material transported by longshore drift
• What is beach nourishment?

  Adding sand and shingle to beaches
• What is dune regeneration?

  Creating or restoring sand dunes
• What are the benefits of coastal management processes?

  They reduce flooding and erosion effects
• What are the benefits of using a sea wall?

  Prevents erosion and acts as a flood barrier
• What is a disadvantage of gabions?

  The wire cages can corrode over time
• What is a benefit of rock armour?

  It is a fairly cheap defence method
• What is a disadvantage of groynes?

  They can lead to narrower beaches
• How does beach nourishment provide protection?

  It creates wider beaches that slow waves
• What is a disadvantage of beach nourishment?

  It is a very expensive defence method
• What is the role of sand dunes in coastal protection?

  They provide a barrier between land and sea
• What is a disadvantage of dune regeneration?

  It has limited protection to a small area
• What is a potential environmental impact of beach nourishment?

  It can kill organisms like sponges
• What is a limitation of coastal management processes?

  They often require repeated efforts
• What is coastal realignment also known as?

  Nourishment
• What is rock armour used for in hard engineering?

  To protect the coast from erosion
• What are rock armour boulders typically described as?

  Very large boulders placed along the coast
• How do groynes function in coastal management?

  They trap sediment transported by longshore drift
• What materials are groynes typically made from?

  Wood or stone