Organic Chemistry

Created by

Nazmine

Cards (37)

What is crude oil formed from?
Fossilized remains of plankton
Where is crude oil found?
In porous rocks in the Earth's crust
What type of resource is crude oil?
Finite (non-renewable) resource
What are most compounds in crude oil?
Hydrocarbons
What affects the properties of hydrocarbon molecules?
Their size
How does the size of a hydrocarbon affect its viscosity?
Larger hydrocarbons are more viscous
What is the process used to separate crude oil into fractions?
Fractional distillation
What happens to the boiling point of larger hydrocarbons?
The boiling point increases
What does it mean for a hydrocarbon to be volatile?
It evaporates easily
What do the fractions from fractional distillation contain?
Hydrocarbon molecules with similar carbon atoms
What type of hydrocarbons are most obtained from crude oil?
Alkanes
What happens to crude oil during fractional distillation?
It is heated until it evaporates
Where do shorter hydrocarbon molecules condense in the fractionating column?
At the top of the column
What is the structure of alkanes?
Carbon atoms linked by single bonds
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>
What is the simplest alkane?
Methane (CH₄)
What is the molecular formula for propane?
C₃H₈
How many hydrogen atoms are in ethane?
Six hydrogen atoms
What is the molecular formula for butane?
C₄H₁₀
Why are shorter-chain alkanes in higher demand as fuels?
They release energy more quickly
What occurs during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
Carbon and hydrogen are oxidized
Energy is released
Waste products are produced
Major source of atmospheric pollution
What happens if combustion is incomplete?
Carbon monoxide and soot may be released
What is carbon monoxide?
A colorless, odourless, toxic gas
What are particulates in the air?
Solid particles that cause global dimming
What can nitrogen oxides cause?
Respiratory problems in people
How can sulfur be removed from fuels?
Before burning or from waste gases
What is cracking in hydrocarbons?
Breaking down longer-chain hydrocarbons
Produces shorter, more useful hydrocarbons
Useful industrial process
What are the two main methods of cracking?
Steam cracking and catalytic cracking
What happens during steam cracking?
Hydrocarbons are mixed with steam and heated
What is used in catalytic cracking?
A hot aluminium oxide catalyst
Why are alkanes valuable as fuels?
They are easy to ignite and low boiling points
What do the products of cracking include?
Alkanes and alkenes
How do alkenes differ from alkanes in reactivity?
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes
What happens when alkenes react with bromine water?
It turns from orange to colourless
What is formed when ethene reacts with bromine?
Dibromoethane
What type of reaction occurs when ethene reacts with bromine?
Addition reaction
What are the key points about alkenes and bromine water?
Alkenes react with bromine water
Bromine water turns from orange to colourless
Alkanes do not react with bromine water