The Heart

• What is the role of the circulatory system?

  To transport oxygen and nutrients
• What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

  Blood, blood vessels, and heart
• What does blood carry in the circulatory system?

  Oxygen and nutrients
• How can the circulatory system be described?

  As a double circulatory system
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system?

  It goes to the lungs to gain oxygen
• What are the two loops in the double circulatory system?

  One to lungs, one to the body
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four chambers
• What are the top chambers of the heart called?

  Atria
• What prevents blood from flowing backwards in the heart?

  Valves
• What is the path of blood flow into the heart?

  Via vena cava and pulmonary vein
• What happens when the atria contract?

  They push blood into the ventricles
• What do the ventricles do after the atria contract?

  They contract and push blood out
• How many times does the heart cycle in a minute?

  About 70 times
• What is the function of pacemaker cells in the heart?

  They produce electrical impulses
• What is an artificial pacemaker?

  A device that regulates heartbeats
• What does the term artery refer to?

  A vessel carrying blood away from the heart
• What is the difference between arteries and veins?

  Arteries carry blood away; veins carry blood to
• What do coronary arteries do?

  Supply oxygenated blood to the heart
• What is the cycle of blood flow through the heart?

  1. Blood enters via vena cava and pulmonary vein
  2. Blood flows into right atrium and left atrium
  3. Atria contract, pushing blood into ventricles
  4. Ventricles contract, pushing blood into pulmonary artery and aorta
  5. Cycle repeats
• What are the key differences between arteries and veins?

  • Arteries: carry blood away from heart
  • Veins: carry blood to the heart
  • Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood
  • Veins usually carry deoxygenated blood
• What are the main functions of the heart?

  • Pumps blood throughout the body
  • Maintains blood circulation
  • Supplies oxygen and nutrients to tissues
  • Contains valves to prevent backflow
• What is the significance of the double circulatory system?

  • Two loops: one for lungs, one for body
  • Efficient oxygenation of blood
  • Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

  Transporting glucose and gases
• How does glucose get transported around the body?

  Through the circulatory system via blood
• What color is human blood?

  Red, varying shades based on oxygen
• What are veins and arteries often depicted as in diagrams?

  Blue or red to indicate oxygen levels
• Why do veins appear blue or green under the skin?

  Due to light absorption and scattering
• What are the main functions of blood?

  Maintains pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure
• What is plasma in blood?

  The liquid portion containing water and proteins
• What are the cellular components of blood?

  Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
• What is the role of red blood cells?

  Transporting gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide
• What protein gives red blood cells their color?

  Hemoglobin
• How is the human heart anatomically divided?

  Into oxygenated and deoxygenated partitions
• What do arteries generally do?

  Carry blood away from the heart
• What do veins generally do?

  Carry blood to the heart
• Where does gas exchange occur in the circulatory system?

  At the capillary level
• What is the function of the right side of the heart?

  Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What is the function of the left side of the heart?

  Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body
• How many chambers does the human heart have?

  Four chambers
• What are the names of the heart's chambers?

  Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle