AR - s20

• What is the actus reus of s20?

  D. unlawfully wounds or inflicts grievous bodily harm to another
• What are the four elements of the actus reus of s20?

  Unlawfully

  Wound

  OR

  Inflict

  Grievous Bodily Harm
• What does 'inflict' mean?

  Cause - causation
• Which case tells us the definition of a wound?

  Eisenhower
• According to Eisenhower, what is a wound defined as?

  A break in the continuity of the skin causing external bleeding
• What is 'unlawfully'?

  No defence or no consent
• What are instances where there may be consent to cause some wounding or GBH?

  Medical procedures or sports
• According to Smith, what is Grievous Bodily Harm defined as?

  Really serious harm; such as long-term/permanent injury or injury requiring extensive treatment
• What case defines Grievous Bodily Harm?

  Smith
• Which case tells us Grievous Bodily Harm can include less serious injuries if the victim is vulnerable?

  Bollom
• What does Bollom tell us Grievous Bodily Harm can include?

  Less serious injuries if the victim is vulnerable
• Which case tells us Grievous Bodily Harm can include multiple ABHs?

  Brown and Stratton
• What does Brown and Stratton tell us Grievous Bodily Harm can include?

  Multiple ABHs
• Which case tells us Grievous Bodily Harm can include a recognised psychiatric injury?

  Burstow
• What does Burstow tell us Grievous Bodily Harm can include?

  A recognised psychiatric injury
• What does Dica tell us Grievous Bodily Harm can include for s20 ONLY?

  Knowingly or recklessly transmitting a sexual disease
• Which case tells us Grievous Bodily Harm can include knowingly or recklessly transmitting a sexual disease for s20 ONLY?

  Dica
• Which case tells us Grievous Bodily Harm requires proof of serious harm?

  Saunders
• What does Saunders tell us about Grievous Bodily Harm?

  Requires proof of serious harm
• What are examples of Grievous Bodily Harm?

  Broken bones

  Stab wounds

  Bullet wounds

  Permanent injuries (brain damage / disability)

  Loss of limb/s

  Psychiatric conditions
• Which case tells us there's an implied consent to wounding or GBH in sports?

  Barnes