Seksmic waves

• What is a very quick earthquake?

  A sudden slip on a fault
• What does a seismogram record?

  Ground motions produced by seismic energy
• What are the two main types of seismic waves?

  Body waves and surface waves
• What are the subcategories of body waves?

  • P waves (primary waves)
  • S waves (secondary waves)
• How do body waves differ from surface waves?

  Body waves travel through the Earth's interior
• What is the fastest type of seismic wave?

  P wave
• What materials can P waves travel through?

  Solid rock and liquids like water
• How do animals often react before an earthquake?

  They may bark or behave unusually
• What is the characteristic motion of S waves?

  Moves rock particles up and down
• What is the primary cause of earthquake damage?

  Surface waves, especially Rayleigh waves
• Who is the Rayleigh wave named after?

  John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh
• What is the hypocenter of an earthquake?

  The point within the Earth where rupture starts
• What is the epicenter of an earthquake?

  The point on the Earth's surface above the hypocenter
• What is a fault plane?

  The flat surface along which rocks slip
• What does magnitude characterize in an earthquake?

  The relative size of the earthquake
• What are the four basic types of faults?

  1. Strike-slip faults
  2. Dip-slip faults
  3. Reverse faults
  4. Thrust faults
• What is a strike-slip fault?

  Faults where blocks move horizontally
• What is the difference between right-lateral and left-lateral strike-slip faults?

  Direction of block movement across the fault
• What happens in a normal dip-slip fault?

  The block above the fault moves down
• What occurs in a reverse fault?

  The block above the fault moves up
• What is a thrust fault?

  A type of reverse fault with low angle
• How do strike-slip faults differ from dip-slip faults?

  Strike-slip faults move horizontally, dip-slip vertically
• What is the role of shear and tension in faulting?

  They contribute to the movement of rocks
• What is the term for the combination of strike-slip and dip-slip faulting?

  Oblique slip faulting