Final

• Types of blood vessels


  Artery

  Vein

  Capillary

  Venule

  Atrioles
• artery


  oxyginated blood vessel. licated towards the tissue, away from the heart and the strongest
• vein


  located away from the tissue. more numerous compared to arteries and has valves, which prevents back flow
• 3 layers of blood vessel wall

  Tunica Intima

  Tunica Media

  Tunica Externa
• Tunica Intima


  blood vessel wall where the blood passes through and is prone to damage. Innermost layer is called Endothelium and has direct contact with the blood
• tunica media


  blood vessel wall that is in muscular portion. smooth muscle. regulates the diameter of lumen [vasocontriction and vasodilation]. May induce vascular spasm in presence of vessel damage
• tunica externa 


  wall of blood vessel that acts as protection of blood vessel. consist of elastic and collagen fibers. contains numerous nerves which anchors the vessel to the surrounding tissue
• components of blood


  formed elements 45%

  plasma 55%
• Formed elements


  Erythrocytes

  Leukocytes

  Thrombocytes
• content of plasma


  Water 91.5%

  Plasma protein 7%

  other solutes 1.5%
• Arteries


  Elastic arteries

  Muscular arteries

  Distributing arteries
• elastic arteries 


  great vessels (aorta, vena cava)
• muscular arteries


  femoral artery
• distributing arteries


  brachial and radial artery
• basic structure of blood vessel 


  blood vessel wall

  arteries

  veins
• Capillary


  Gas exchange. Has only tunica intima
• layers of the heart


  pericardium

  epicardium

  myocardium

  endocardium
• the weight of heart of man and woman


  250 g for f, 300g for m
• where does the heart located at?

  Mediastinum, 2/3 lies to the left side
• charmbers of the heart

  2 atria

  2 ventricles
• atria


  recieving chamber. anterior walls are rough due to the presence of pectinate muscle. interatrial septum
• interatrial septum


  remnant of fossa ovalis
• fossa ovale


  opening of the interatrial septum of a fetal heart
• ventricles


  pumping chamber. the ridges of the cardiac muscle is trabeculae carnae. cone shaped structure of trabeculae carnae where the chordae tendinae is attached. interventricular septum
• valves of the heart


  atrio-venticular valves

  semi-lunar valves
• great vessels of the heart


  Vena cava

  Aorta

  Pulmonary artery

  Pulmonary vein
• Conduction system


  Sinoatrial nodes

  Atrioventicular nodes

  Bundle of his

  Purkinje fibers
• Sinoatrial nodes


  Primary peace maker and is located at the right atrial wall, just inferior lateral to the opening of the superior vena cava
• atrioventicular nodes


  interatrial septum is just anterior to the opening of the coronary sinus. most common siye of heart block
• bundle of his


  located at the interventicular septum
• purkinje fibers


  Surrounds the 2 ventricles and the largest pacemaker of the heart
• electro cardiogram


  p-wave

  qrs complex

  t wave
• p wave


  atrial deparization
• qrs complex


  venticular depolarization
• t wave


  venticular repolarization
• regulation of the heart

  autonomic regulation

  hormone regulation

  other factors
• erythrocytes


  Biocane and dies in 120 days. The hemoglobin within this element transport most oxygen and part of carbon dioxide in blood.
• Heme


  carries carbon dioxide. giver color to the blood. made out of feritin (iron)
• leukocytes


  5000 to 10000. dies in few hours to few days. combat pathogens and other substances that enter the body
• Types of leukocytes


  granular leukocytes

  Agranular leukocytes