Translocation and Transpiration

• What is the process of transporting sugars in plants called?

  Translocation
• How do plants transport water?

  Through transpiration
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In the leaves
• What are phloem cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars
• How are phloem cells arranged?

  End to end to form phloem tubes
• What do the small pores between phloem cells allow?

  Movement of cell sap
• What is cell sap made of?

  A liquid mixture of water and sugar
• What can sugars be used for once transported?

  For energy or stored for later
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What are xylem tubes made of?

  Dead xylem cells with no ends
• What strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What do xylem tubes transport?

  Water and mineral ions
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is transpiration?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules moving up
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, airflow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Warmer temperatures increase the rate
• What happens to water molecules in windy conditions?

  They are blown away, increasing transpiration
• How does humidity affect transpiration?

  Higher humidity decreases the rate
• What are the roles of phloem and xylem in plants?

  • Phloem: Transports sugars (translocation)
  • Xylem: Transports water and minerals (from roots to leaves)
• What are the main factors affecting transpiration rate and their effects?

  Factors:

  1. Light intensity: Higher light increases transpiration
  2. Temperature: Warmer temperatures increase transpiration
  3. Airflow: High airflow increases transpiration
  4. Humidity: Higher humidity decreases transpiration