What is DNA?

• What is the main focus of today's video?

  Structure of DNA
• What are the two main components of DNA discussed in the video?

  Nucleotides and complementary base pairing
• What shape does DNA form?

  Double helix
• How many different types of bases are there in DNA?

  Four
• What is a nucleotide made up of?

  Phosphate, sugar, and a base
• What do the letters A, T, C, and G stand for?

  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• What forms the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA?

  Phosphate of one nucleotide bonds to sugar of another
• What is the role of the sugar phosphate backbone?

  Forms a protective outer casing around bases
• What is complementary base pairing?

  Only specific bases pair with each other
• Which bases pair together in DNA?

  A pairs with T, C pairs with G
• If a DNA strand reads A G T G C T T A C, what is the first base on the complementary strand?

  T
• What is the genetic code?

  The sequence of bases in DNA
• What is a gene?

  A sequence of bases coding for a protein
• What is a triplet in the context of DNA?

  A group of three bases coding for an amino acid
• How does a cell read a DNA sequence to form a protein?

  As a series of triplet codes
• What happens to the amino acids after they are coded from DNA?

  They combine in the same order as triplets
• What determines the unique shape of a protein?

  The sequence of amino acids
• What are the main uses of proteins?

  Enzymes, hormones, and structural proteins
• What are the steps for how DNA codes for a protein?

  1. DNA sequence is read as triplets.
  2. Amino acids are combined in order.
  3. The chain of amino acids folds to form a protein.
• What roles do proteins play in the body?

  • Enzymes: Biological catalysts for reactions
  • Hormones: Carry messages in the body
  • Structural proteins: Provide strength to cells and tissues