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Biology
Variation and Evolution
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Created by
Abdullah Mahroof
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Cards (28)
What can lead to huge variation between individuals?
Differences in
genes
and
environment
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What is the process called that can lead to the evolution of new species?
Natural selection
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What term describes the differences among individuals in a population?
Variation
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What does a phenotype describe?
Observable
characteristics
of an individual
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What two factors interact to determine a phenotype?
Genes
and
environment
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What do genes code for?
Proteins
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What is a genome?
All of an individual's
genes
combined
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Why do identical twins look different sometimes?
Due to environmental factors affecting them
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How can environmental factors influence height in identical twins?
By affecting
nutrition
and sleep patterns
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What is the key point about characteristics determined by genes and environment?
Most characteristics are influenced by both
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What causes genetic variation in populations?
Mutations
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What is a mutation?
A change in the
DNA
code
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What happens to most mutations?
They don't affect the organism's
phenotype
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What can beneficial mutations lead to?
Increased
survival
and
reproduction
chances
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Who proposed the idea of survival of the fittest?
Charles Darwin
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What did Darwin observe about traits in populations?
Useful
traits were
passed on
more frequently
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What does natural selection describe?
The selection of
fittest
individuals to survive
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What is evolution according to Darwin?
Inheritance of
characteristics
over
generations
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What does the theory of evolution imply about all living species?
They evolved from
simple life forms
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How long did it take for Darwin's theory to be accepted?
A long time
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What is an example of evolution observed in bacteria?
Development of
antibiotic resistance
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What are the key points of evolution through natural selection?
Genetic changes lead to
phenotypes
Best-suited phenotypes survive
Over time,
populations
may diverge
New species can form when
interbreeding
stops
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What happens when two populations within a species diverge significantly?
They may no longer
interbreed
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What is the result of a new species forming?
Inability to produce
fertile offspring
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What is the time frame for the first simple life forms to develop?
More than
3 billion
years ago
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What evidence supports Darwin's theory of evolution?
Fossil records and
antibiotic resistance
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How does natural selection contribute to evolution?
It selects for
advantageous
genetic
changes
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What is the main takeaway from the video?
Evolution
occurs through
natural selection
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