Variation and Evolution

Cards (28)

  • What can lead to huge variation between individuals?
    Differences in genes and environment
  • What is the process called that can lead to the evolution of new species?
    Natural selection
  • What term describes the differences among individuals in a population?
    Variation
  • What does a phenotype describe?
    Observable characteristics of an individual
  • What two factors interact to determine a phenotype?
    Genes and environment
  • What do genes code for?
    Proteins
  • What is a genome?
    All of an individual's genes combined
  • Why do identical twins look different sometimes?
    Due to environmental factors affecting them
  • How can environmental factors influence height in identical twins?
    By affecting nutrition and sleep patterns
  • What is the key point about characteristics determined by genes and environment?
    Most characteristics are influenced by both
  • What causes genetic variation in populations?
    Mutations
  • What is a mutation?
    A change in the DNA code
  • What happens to most mutations?
    They don't affect the organism's phenotype
  • What can beneficial mutations lead to?
    Increased survival and reproduction chances
  • Who proposed the idea of survival of the fittest?
    Charles Darwin
  • What did Darwin observe about traits in populations?
    Useful traits were passed on more frequently
  • What does natural selection describe?
    The selection of fittest individuals to survive
  • What is evolution according to Darwin?
    Inheritance of characteristics over generations
  • What does the theory of evolution imply about all living species?
    They evolved from simple life forms
  • How long did it take for Darwin's theory to be accepted?
    A long time
  • What is an example of evolution observed in bacteria?
    Development of antibiotic resistance
  • What are the key points of evolution through natural selection?
    • Genetic changes lead to phenotypes
    • Best-suited phenotypes survive
    • Over time, populations may diverge
    • New species can form when interbreeding stops
  • What happens when two populations within a species diverge significantly?
    They may no longer interbreed
  • What is the result of a new species forming?
    Inability to produce fertile offspring
  • What is the time frame for the first simple life forms to develop?
    More than 3 billion years ago
  • What evidence supports Darwin's theory of evolution?
    Fossil records and antibiotic resistance
  • How does natural selection contribute to evolution?
    It selects for advantageous genetic changes
  • What is the main takeaway from the video?
    Evolution occurs through natural selection