Cell Cycles, Chromosomes and Mitosis

• Why do multicellular eukaryotic organisms need new cells?

  For growth, development, and repair
• What is the process through which cells are generated called?

  The cell cycle
• What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?

  • Growth
  • DNA replication
  • Mitosis and cytokinesis
• What happens during the growth stage of the cell cycle?

  The cell increases in size and organelles
• What occurs during DNA replication?

  The DNA is duplicated for new cells
• What happens to DNA when a cell prepares for division?

  It condenses into chromosomes
• How does DNA appear when a cell is not dividing?

  It is spread out in long strings
• What do chromosomes contain?

  A large number of genes
• How many copies of each chromosome do eukaryotic cells have?

  Two copies, one from each parent
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• Why can't animals of different species reproduce fertile offspring?

  They have different numbers of chromosomes
• What shape do duplicated chromosomes form?

  An X shape
• What is the significance of the right and left arms of a chromosome?

  They are duplicates of each other
• What happens to chromosomes during cell division?

  They line up and are pulled apart
• What are the fibers that pull chromosomes apart called?

  Spindle fibers
• What is the final stage of the cell cycle called?

  Cytokinesis
• What occurs during cytokinesis?

  The cell membrane and cytoplasm pull apart
• What do the resulting daughter cells contribute to?

  Growth, development, or repair
• What is the overall purpose of the cell cycle?

  • To generate new cells
  • To support growth and development
  • To repair damaged tissues
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