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Chemistry
Paper 1
C1- Atoms
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Cards (64)
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
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What are substances made of?
Atoms
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How are different types of atoms represented?
By symbols in the
periodic table
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What is a compound?
A substance with two or more different
atoms
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How many hydrogen atoms are in one water molecule?
Two
hydrogen atoms
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What does it mean if there is no number after a symbol in a chemical formula?
There is an
invisible
one
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What happens during chemical reactions?
Atoms
change their
bonds
and connections
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How can we represent a chemical reaction?
With a
word equation
and a
chemical equation
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What must be true about the number of atoms in a chemical reaction?
They must be the same on
both sides
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What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
Start with atoms only in
compounds
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How do you balance hydrogen atoms in a reaction?
Put a number in front of
H2O
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What is a mixture?
A combination of
elements
and
compounds
not bonded
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What is an example of a mixture?
Air
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How can you separate large insoluble particles from a liquid?
Using
filtration
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What is crystallization used for?
To separate a
solute
from a
liquid
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What does distillation involve?
Heating
a solution and cooling
gas
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What is fractional distillation?
Separating liquids with different
boiling points
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What are the three main states of matter?
Solid
,
liquid
, and
gas
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How do particles behave in a solid?
They vibrate around fixed
positions
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What happens to water when it becomes vapor?
Particles
move far apart and randomly
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What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?
The state of a
substance
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What is required to melt or evaporate a substance?
Energy
, usually in the form of heat
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What does (s) represent in state symbols?
Solid
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What does (l) represent in state symbols?
Liquid
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What does (g) represent in state symbols?
Gas
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What does (aq) represent in state symbols?
Aqueous
or dissolved in solution
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Who discovered that atoms are made of positive and negative charges?
JJ Thompson
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What model did JJ Thompson propose?
The
plum pudding model
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Who discovered the nucleus of the atom?
Ernest Rutherford
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What did Rutherford's experiment with gold atoms show?
Atoms are mostly
empty space
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Who discovered electron shells?
Neils Bohr
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What did James Chadwick discover?
Neutrons
in the
nucleus
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What are protons and electrons' charges?
Protons are
+1
, electrons are
-1
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What is the relative mass of neutrons?
One
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What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in the
nucleus
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What must be true for an atom to be neutral?
It must have equal protons and electrons
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What happens when an atom gains or loses electrons?
It becomes an ion
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What does the mass number indicate?
Protons plus neutrons in the nucleus
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What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
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Why might the mass number not be a whole number?
It shows the average mass of
isotopes
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