Lipids

• Phospholipid is a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate
• Phospholipids are polar they are hydrophilic and hydrophobic
• Triglycerides have a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acid tails
• Triglycerides are hydrophobic
• To form triglycerides there is a ester bond between carboxyl group of fatty acids and hydroxyl group in the glycerol. is formed with condensation reactions so 3 water molecules are released
• Saturated fats have carbon single bonds in the hydrocarbon tail
• unsaturated fats have at least 1 or more C=C double bond. They are unsaturated because not all of the carbon bonds have been saturated by H
• phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails
• Unsaturated fats have a bend in the hydrocarbon chain
• Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temp and are usually from plants. For example olive oil
• Saturated fats are solid at room temperature. For example animal fat
• Lipids are a good source of energy storage because they can store lots of energy in the C-H bonds in the fatty acid tail
• Saturated fats have higher melting points than unsaturated fats
• Unsaturated fats have a lower melting point than saturated fats
• Phospholipid bilayers make up the cell plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells