Biology

• ATP stand for adenosine triphosphate
• ATP is the universal energy source as all organisms use it
• ATP is made of a ribose sugar, adenine base and 3 phosphates
• ribose sugar and adenine make adenosine
• the bond between ribose and first phosphate holds the least amount of energy where as the bond between the second and third phosphate has the most
• Properties of ATP

  • soluble
  • not good energy store but good source
  • quicker process to break down than glucose, ATP hydrolysis is one step where as to break down glucose is many
• Function of ATP

  • metabolic processes
  • movement and muscle relaxation
  • active transport
  • excretion and exocytosis
  • activation of molecules by making molecules more reactive which lowers activation energy
• ATP synthase joins ADP + Pi together through condensation reaction to make ATP and water
• ATP is broken down to ADP to release energy through hydrolysis reaction
• Phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate groups
• Types of phosphorylation

  • photophosphorylation used in photosynthesis
  • oxidative phosphorylation in respiration
  • substrate level phosphorylation in ADP + Pi