Tissue fluid

• Tissue fluid is liquid that surrounds all tissues.
• Tissue fluid is made up of

  • blood
  • tissue fluid
  • lymph
• Liquid part of blood is called plasma
• Materials are exchanged between blood and cells via tissue fluid
• Tissue fluid is similar to plasma without the large proteins
• Capillary walls are partially permeable
• Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure within capillaries that forces tissue fluid fluid out into surrounding cells. Its formed by contraction of the left ventricle
• Osmotic pressure is pressure that causes diffusion of water via osmosis. This causes movement of tissue fluid back into capillaries
• End of the capillaries that connect to the artery is called the arteriole end
• The capillary end returning to the vein is called the venous end
• Fluid that doesn't return to the capillaries drains into lymphatic system. It eventually returns to blood stream via thoracic duct
• Lymph nodes are sac like organs that trap pathogens and foreign substances which contain as large number of white blood cells
• There is no pump to move the contents of the lymphatic system and relies on hydrostatic pressure and contraction of body muscles.
• Lymphatic build up and be removed by lymphatic massage
• Atherosclerosis is the thickening of the arteries caused by build up of fatty plaques.
• Ischaemia is when there is reduced blood flow to tissues
• A myocardial infarction is caused when blood supply to the heart muscle is interrupted
• Oxygen deprivation causes tissue damage
• Risk factors that can be prevented

  • obesity
  • high blood pressure
  • smoking
  • alcohol
  • stress
• Risk factors that can’t be prevented

  • aging
  • male gender
  • family medical history
  • race