(7) Uk in the 20th century

• global significance - economic?

  • 6th largest economy in world - 3.22% of world GPD
  • second largest in europe
• low population density?

  extreme climate

  steep landscape

  thin soils - not good farming

  poor communication

  lack of natural resources
• high population density?

  flat land for buildings

  fertile land

  plentiful water

  cities - jobs

  moderate climate
• transfer of water from nw to sw?

  adv: areas in water scarcity would benefit

  dis: expensive to build dams and aquaducts, negative enviromental impacts - eg. floods, political issues
• construct new reservoirs in sw?

  adv: more jobs to build dams and reservoirs, new habitats

  dis: destroys existing habitats = loss of biodiversity
• encourage water conservation?

  adv: no need to build damns ect = cheaper, improve water quality

  dis: lots of maintenance to ensure no leakage, limited capacity of water
• rutland water reservoir
• demographic transition model stage 1?

  high birth rate

  high death rate

  low population growth
• demographic transition model stage 2?

  decreasing death rate

  constant birth rate

  slowly increasing population

  eg. Ethiopia
• demographic transition model stage 3?

  decreasing birth rate

  decreasing death rate

  increasing population

  eg. India
• demographic transition model stage 4?

  low birth rate

  low death rate

  population growth is high and starts to fall

  eg. France
• demographic transition model stage 5?

  birth rate decreases less than death rate

  natural decrease to population

  eg. Poland
• aging population impacts - healthcare costs increase?

  increase in tax - increase in services and buildings to support elders = invest money to prevent illness and provide comfort = stop loneliness - less money to invest in eg. education
• aging population impacts - carehome shortage?

  19% of population are elderly - not enough room - 1 in 5 houses are unsuitable for elderly - danger to health - strain on NHS - expensive
• change in population structure and ethnic diversity?

  London - fastest growth in UK - increased pop by 1.3 million from 2001 to 2015

  AGE: working age span increased - highest increase in workers of 40-49

  GENDER: both genders increased - men increased more but women % higher - more female workers

  ETHNIC DIVERSITY: 37% of pop born outside UK
• economic changes in UK?

  industry change - service sector and tertiary jobs increased - mainly teaching and scientific jobs (largest GDP) - earn more money - put back into economy

  change in working hours - mens hours decreased - more female workers - more family orientated - two workers in household - more income
• Cambridge is home to medical and technological firms such as AstraZeneca, which employs 20,000 people and has an annual turnover of £30 billion.
• AstraZeneca's presence in Cambridge has contributed to an increase in the local economy by £170 million.
• University has invested £1 billion into its research department
• Cambridge is located close to the M11, providing easy access to London.
• A high-speed train link stops at the Science Park in Cambridge, connecting the city nationwide.
• The presence of major transport links in Cambridge encourages tourists to visit, contributing to the economy.
• Cambridge is located near Stanstead Airport, providing international connectivity.
• The population of Cambridge has increased due to people moving to the city for work, resulting in an increase in housing (social), 300% increase in traffic, less green spaces, and more rail routes and cycle lanes needed to accommodate for traffic.
• At least 50,000 more houses need to be built in Cambridge to accommodate the growing population.