structured programming

• Selection is ifs etc
• sequence is the natural order of going down one line at a time
• iteration is repeating something, especially with a small change each time.
• Recursion is iteration, which uses a conditional. It will repest code untill the conditional is the expected value
• Another form of selection is switch case systems
• Switch case systems use a certain variable and act depending on if that variable is one out of a few possible values. Each value should have a process dependent on it
• What is the psuedocode for switch case where if the value is 1 it prints error else prints nice?

  SWITCH input:

  CASE 1:

  SEND 'error' TO DISPLAY

  DEFAULT:

  SEND 'nice' TO DISPLAY

  ENDSWITCH
• In python switch case can be used with 'match' for switch and 'case_' for default
• Operation follow the rules of BIDMAS
• Structured programming is the top-down approach which uses modularization. Each module uses structured code
• Range creates a list in the specified range with the specified steps (default +1)
• for loops are used for iteration and are very useful if we only want a process to repeat a set number of times
• While loops occur if a condition is met and are checked before running the code
• Repeat until loops break when the condition is no longer met but only checks if the condition is no longer met after running the code, and therefore it will always be ran at least once
• a range misses the last number so range (5) would create the following, 0,1,2,3,4
• 3 benefits of structured programming:

  Easier to debug

  Easier to maintain

  Easier to write
• Main negative of structured programming:

  It takes longer implement as it must be converted into machine code
• Hierarchy charts are just breaking down a problem with each problem being as broken down as possible. It is often used for planning top-down programming
• Structured programming is using lots of modern practices such as modularisation and conditionals
• How would you explicitly iterate over all separate elements of a multi-dimensional array:

  Assume array is called array_name

  numpy has been imported as np

  for i in np.nditer(array_name):
• Lists have to move to an entirely new memory address whenever data is appended
• Linked lists, chain many nodes (a pointer, and an item on the list), to store data without having to move the entire list each time an item is appended.
• What is this an image of?

  linked list

  
• A priority queue is a linked list that also does an equation that sets a priority value to each item
• Declaring a variable or function means you specify it's type
• Branching is selection