Blood Lec

• Hematopoiesis is blood cell formation
• All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell
• Erythrocytes(RBC): 4 – 6 M/ml of blood
• Oxyhemoglobin: O2 carrying Hgb
• Carbahemoglobin: CO2 carrying
• Fate of Erythrocytes

  • Wear out in 90 to 120 days
  • When worn out, are eliminated by phagocytes in the spleen or liver
• Rate is controlled by a hormone (erythropoietin)
• Kidneys produce most erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood
• Erythropoiesis's lifespan is 120 days
• Embryogenesis : blood cells arise in yolk sac
• 2 nd Trimester: Liver & Spleen
• 3 rd Trimester: Bone marrow
• Erythropoietin (Epo) growth factor (kidneys): - stimulates production of protein of Hgb
• Colony–stimulating factors (CSF) or Hematopoietins - stimulate proliferation of immature cells
• Colony–stimulating factors (CSF) or Hematopoietins - supports differentiation of maturing cells
•  Anemia: decrease Hemoglobin or RBC
• Hypochromic – more asso. w/ Hgb.
• Erythrocytosis/Polycythemia: increase RBC
• Macrocyte: > 9umϴ
• Microcyte:< 6 umϴ
• Anisocytosis: different sizes
• Sickle cell anemia - mutation in Hemoglobin B chain
• Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
• White blood cell is inactive in circulating blood
• White Blood Cells is perform their defense capabilities against diseases → but able to move into and out of blood vessels
• (Diapedesis)→ site of inflammation or infections
• Leukocyte Levels in the Blood is 4,000 - 11,000 cells / mm
• Leukocytosis : increase in WBC count which can signify presence of a bacterial infection
• Leukopenia: decrease in WBC that can be due to a viral infection
• Granulocytes is Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained which Include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
• Agranulocytes is lack visible cytoplasmic granules which include lymphocytes and monocytes
• Neutrophils (PMN)– 40 - 70%
• Eosinophils - 1 - 4%
• • Basophils – 0 -1 %
• Monocytes – 4-8%
• Lymphocytes – 25-45%
• Monocyte in the blood; Macrophages in tissues
• Von Kupffer cell in the liver

  Intramesangial cells – kidney

  Alveolar macrophage – lungs

  Microglia – brain

  Sinus macrophage – spleen & LN

  Serosal macrophage – peritoneum

  Langerhans cell - skin
• Megakaryoblasts→ derived from ruptured multinucleate cells
• megakaryocytes: precursors of platelets