FOOD FERMENTATION

Created by

Maple Kaede

Cards (62)

What is fermentation?
Chemical changes in organic substrates
What is the main condition under which fermentation occurs?
In the absence of oxygen
What do key microorganisms in fermentation include?
Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and molds
What is an example of fermentation?
Conversion of sugars to alcohol
What is the main goal of fermentation?
Derive energy from carbohydrates without oxygen
What is the process of glucose in fermentation?
Glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvate
What is the energy yield of fermentation compared to aerobic respiration?
Approximately 5% of aerobic respiration
What are the generalized pathways for fermentation end products from glucose?
Various organisms convert glucose
Pathways lead to different end products
Examples include lactic acid and ethanol
What is the equation for Propionic Acid Fermentation?
Glucose → Lactic acid + Propionic acid + Acetic acid + CO2 + H2O
Which microorganisms are involved in Propionic Acid Fermentation?
Propionibacterium genus, Clostridium propionicum
What substrates are used in Propionic Acid Fermentation?
Sugar or lactate
What is the pathway for Propionic Acid Fermentation?
EMP → pyruvate → oxaloacetate → propionate
What are the products of Propionic Acid Fermentation?
Propionic acid, acetic acid, CO2
What is the pathway for Diacetyl and 2,3-Butylene Glycol fermentation?
Citric acid → Pyruvic acid + Acetylmethylcarbon
Which microorganisms are involved in Diacetyl and 2,3-Butylene Glycol fermentation?
Enterobacter, Erwinia, Hafnia, Klebsiella, Serratia
What is a key feature of Diacetyl and 2,3-Butylene Glycol fermentation?
Double decarboxylation step
What is the equation for Alcoholic Fermentation?
Glucose → Ethyl alcohol
Which microorganisms are primarily involved in Alcoholic Fermentation?
Yeasts, some fungi and bacteria
What pathways are used in Alcoholic Fermentation?
Yeasts: EMP pathway; Zymomonas: ED pathway
What is the redox balance in Alcoholic Fermentation?
NAD+ regeneration during acetaldehyde reduction
What is the equation for Butyric Acid Fermentation?
Glucose → Acetic acid + Butyric acid
Which microorganisms are involved in Butyric Acid Fermentation?
Obligate anaerobic bacteria (mainly Clostridium)
What is the process of Butyric Acid Fermentation?
Pyruvate oxidized to acetyl-CoA
What variation exists in Butyric Acid Fermentation?
Acetone-butanol fermentation
What are the applications of fermentation in various fields?
Medicine
Food Industry
Other Industrial Applications
Biotechnology
Environmental Impact
Global Food Culture
What are some limitations of fermentation?
Limited scalability and variable product quality
What future directions exist in fermentation technology?
Improved efficiency and sustainability
What safety considerations are important in fermentation?
Contamination and proper handling of microorganisms
What is the conclusion regarding fermentation technology?
Future prospects are promising
What is the task sheet number related to fermentation?
TASK SHEET NO. 5
What are the types of fermentation mentioned in the study material?
Lactic acid, propionic acid, alcoholic, butyric acid
What is the role of fermentation in global food culture?
It contributes to food preservation and flavor
What is fermentation?
Chemical changes in organic substrates
What is the main condition under which fermentation occurs?
In the absence of oxygen
What do key microorganisms in fermentation include?
Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and molds
What is the main goal of fermentation?
Derive energy from carbohydrates without oxygen
What is the process of fermentation starting from glucose?
Glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvate
What is the energy yield of fermentation compared to aerobic respiration?
Approximately 5% of aerobic respiration
What are the generalized pathways for fermentation end products from glucose?
Various organisms convert glucose
Pathways lead to different end products
Examples include lactic acid, ethanol, and acids
What is the equation for Propionic Acid Fermentation?
Glucose → Lactic acid + Propionic acid + Acetic acid + CO2 + H2O